Git Notes Miscellaneous

This wiki give explains how to perform various tasks using git. Notes giving an overview for how to use git to manage the FDS-SMV project are found here.

Repository Properties

Showing repository properties

git config --list

Setting user name and email address

Before making a commit you need to tell git your user name and email address. The user name and email address should be what you use at github.com . Run the following commands on each system where you have a git repository.

git config --global user.name "John Doe"

git config --global user.email [email protected]

This information can be also defined in a bash startup shell (on a Linux or MAC system)

Set the executable file property using a git command

git update-index --chmod +x file

Turn coloring on

git config --global --add color.ui true

Set the executable file property using a Linux/OSX command

chmod +x file

Using SSH to access github from a PC

You need to define the GIT_SSH environment variable to point to the ssh application your are using on the PC. If you are using Putty, define GIT_SSH to point to plink.exe .

Examining the Repository

• what files have changed (candidates to be committed)

  git status

  git status -uno (do not show untracked files)

• getting log of changes

  git log path_to_directory (or . for current directory)

  git log --graph

Manipulating the Repository

• bring local repository up to date (with respect to a remote repository)

  git fetch (updates the local repository)

  git merge (merges changes from local repository into working files)

  git pull (git fetch + git merge)

• add file to working tree

  git add file

• remove file from working tree

  git remove file

• compare local changes to your last commit

  git diff HEAD (what you would be committing if you run "git commit -a")

• reverting changes to working copy of a file(s)

  git checkout file(s)

• More generally, suppose you have modified and committed changes to a file but you want to purge these and go back to the version of the file in a different repo/branch, do

  git checkout repo_name/branch_name -- filename

• It is sometimes handy to completely throw out the files in a certain directory, download a clean set of files from the repo, and do a build; we do this often, for example, when testing the manuals. Suppose you do rm * (cautiously) within the manual directory to purge all the auxiliary files, etc.; you can get the clean .tex and .sh files back by

  git checkout HEAD .

  The period indicates the current directory and below.

• cleaning the repository

To remove all untracked files use:

`git clean -dxf`

To revert files back to previous revision use:

`git add .`

`git reset --hard HEAD`

• change to a different "revision"

  git checkout revision_string (do git log to get revision_string blob)

• change back to latest "revision".

  git pull upstream master (need to have set up upstream tracking branch master)

• committing files

  git commit files -m "commit message" (commit changes to local repository) git push (push changes up to a remote repository)

  or

  git status

  git add -u (this adds only the modified files seen from git status)

  git commit -m "commit message"

  git push repo_name branch_name

Branching

• What Branches are present

  git branch

• Creating a Branch

  git branch new_branch (be careful not to use "branch" to try to switch branches!)

• Pruning branches

  git remote prune origin one time

  git config fetch.prune true every time

• Checkout and track a remote branch that does not yet exist locally

  git checkout -b test repo_name/test (repo name is usually origin)

• Compare two branches - handy before doing a push or pull

  git diff repo1\branch1 repo2\branch2

  git diff repo1\branch1..repo2\bransh2 path/to/directory_or_file

  Drop repo to compare a local branch.

• Delete a local branch

  git branch -d <branch_name>

• Delete a remote branch

  git push remote_name --delete <remote_branch_name>

• Track a local branch with a remote branch

  git branch --track local_branch_name remote_name remote_branch_name

• Switching Branches

  git checkout branch_name

• Merging Branches

  to merge changes from branch_from into branch_to

  git checkout branch_to

  git merge branch_from

• Find common ancestor of two branches

  git merge-base branch_1 branch_2

Creating Git Aliases

You will eventually get comfortable with the commands you use frequently and may want a shortcut. For example, if you frequently use

$ git status -uno

you could add a Git alias for that command like so

$ git config --global alias.st 'status -uno'

Now, you can simply type $ git st to see the status sans-untracked files.