feat(sedona-gdal): add foundational wrapper utilities

[Kontinuation]

Summary

• add foundational safe-wrapper utilities on top of the GDAL FFI crate
• introduce GDAL option list helpers, raster type abstractions, and expanded shared error handling

Testing

• cargo test -p sedona-gdal
• cargo clippy -p sedona-gdal -- -D warnings

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR adds foundational safe-wrapper utilities on top of the GDAL FFI crate (sedona-gdal). It introduces a pure-Rust CslStringList for GDAL's char** option lists, raster type abstractions (GdalDataType, GdalType, Buffer, DatasetOptions, ResampleAlg), a thread-local config setter, and expands the shared error type. It also re-exports the call_gdal_api! macro for use by follow-up wrapper PRs.

Changes:

• New cpl.rs: Implements CslStringList with comprehensive tests for building/querying null-terminated GDAL option string lists.
• New raster/types.rs + raster.rs: Adds raster type enums and structs (GdalDataType, Buffer, DatasetOptions, ResampleAlg) that map cleanly between Rust types and GDAL C types.
• config.rs + errors.rs + gdal_api.rs additions: Thread-local GDAL config wrapper, two new error variants (BadArgument, FfiNulError), a Result<T> alias, and a pub(crate) macro re-export.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 5 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
c/sedona-gdal/src/cpl.rs	New: Pure-Rust CslStringList implementation with iterator, formatting, and conversion impls, plus unit tests
c/sedona-gdal/src/raster/types.rs	New: Raster type enums/structs and GdalType trait for Rust↔GDAL type mapping
c/sedona-gdal/src/raster.rs	New: Module declaration and re-exports for raster types
c/sedona-gdal/src/config.rs	New: set_thread_local_config_option wrapper function
c/sedona-gdal/src/errors.rs	Adds BadArgument, FfiNulError variants and a Result<T> type alias to GdalError
c/sedona-gdal/src/gdal_api.rs	Exports call_gdal_api! macro as pub(crate)
c/sedona-gdal/src/lib.rs	Registers new high-level wrapper modules

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[paleolimbot]

A few optional suggestions to consider...thank you!

[paleolimbot]

Perhaps not here, but it might be worth exposing this as with_thread_local_config_option(FnMut...) that takes care of resetting the previous value. At the very least returning the previous value so it can be reset may be a good feature of this particular function:

https://github.com/geopandas/pyogrio/blob/5f298ba31a22654c8fdfa061342df99c2f66b12b/pyogrio/_io.pyx#L202-L233

[paleolimbot]

It seems odd to have these aliases...should the aliases be removed or types be private?

[Kontinuation]

I decided to remove these aliases.

[paleolimbot]

Is there any future in which we need either (1) a shape larger than 2 dimensions or (2) non-owned data?

[Kontinuation]

I don't think we need to handle rasters with more than 2 dimensions using GDAL in the near future. This struct was taken from georust/gdal for representing blocks read from the raster. We'll simply pass in slices when working with buffer slices, and there's currently no methods for returning borrowed raster data. We can add a BorrowedBuffer if we need to work with non-owned buffer in a different way in the future.