feat(sedona-gdal): add raster operations and vrt support

[Kontinuation]

Summary

• add VRT dataset support plus rasterize, rasterize-affine, and polygonize wrappers
• layer higher-level raster operations on top of the dataset/raster/vector wrapper stack
• keep this PR as a stacked operation-focused step so it naturally shrinks after lower layers merge

Depends on #699.

Testing

• cargo test -p sedona-gdal
• cargo clippy -p sedona-gdal -- -D warnings

Notes

• cargo test -p sedona-gdal currently fails in this environment because raster fixture assets such as tinymarble.tif are not present under submodules/sedona-testing/data/raster