Elrond shards security

https://miro.com/app/board/o9J_lZCRJMw=/

Secure Proof of Stake

Elrond in addition to stake-based consensus provides it's own way of proposing blocks.

At the beginning of every round validator with numerically smallest combination of public key hash and randomness source becomes the consensus leader (block proposer).

Then, consensus leader can sign current block and signature becomes randomness source for the next round.

Block proposer broadcast new block to all validators, after successful validation nodes return signatures to be aggregated. Valid block is broadcasted, hash, signature, inclusion proof and shard number are sent to the metachain.

Cross-shard transactions

In Elrond every block consists of: header, and the list of miniblocks containing actual transactions. Miniblocks are separated based on combination of sender and receiver:

• Internal shard transactions (shard #0 -> shard #0)
• Receiver in different shard (shard #0 -> shard #1)
• Sender in different shard (shard #1 -> shard #0)