pydata · dcherian · Jul 2, 2025 · Jun 22, 2025 · Jun 22, 2025 · Jun 22, 2025
diff --git a/.binder/environment.yml b/.binder/environment.yml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ name: xarray-examples
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - python=3.10
+  - python=3.11
   - boto3
   - bottleneck
   - cartopy

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-additional.yaml b/.github/workflows/ci-additional.yaml
@@ -132,15 +132,15 @@ jobs:
           fail_ci_if_error: false
 
   mypy-min:
-    name: Mypy 3.10
+    name: Mypy 3.11
     runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
     needs: detect-ci-trigger
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash -l {0}
     env:
       CONDA_ENV_FILE: ci/requirements/environment.yml
-      PYTHON_VERSION: "3.10"
+      PYTHON_VERSION: "3.11"
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ jobs:
           fail_ci_if_error: false
 
   pyright39:
-    name: Pyright 3.10
+    name: Pyright 3.11
     runs-on: "ubuntu-latest"
     needs: detect-ci-trigger
     if: |
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash -l {0}
     env:
       CONDA_ENV_FILE: ci/requirements/environment.yml
-      PYTHON_VERSION: "3.10"
+      PYTHON_VERSION: "3.11"
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
@@ -47,18 +47,18 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         os: ["ubuntu-latest", "macos-latest", "windows-latest"]
         # Bookend python versions
-        python-version: ["3.10", "3.13"]
+        python-version: ["3.11", "3.13"]
         env: [""]
         include:
           # Minimum python version:
           - env: "bare-minimum"
-            python-version: "3.10"
+            python-version: "3.11"
             os: ubuntu-latest
           - env: "bare-min-and-scipy"
-            python-version: "3.10"
+            python-version: "3.11"
             os: ubuntu-latest
           - env: "min-all-deps"
-            python-version: "3.10"
+            python-version: "3.11"
             os: ubuntu-latest
           # Latest python version:
           - env: "all-but-numba"
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ jobs:
           # The mypy tests must be executed using only 1 process in order to guarantee
           # predictable mypy output messages for comparison to expectations.
           - env: "mypy"
-            python-version: "3.10"
+            python-version: "3.11"
             numprocesses: 1
             os: ubuntu-latest
           - env: "mypy"

diff --git a/ci/requirements/all-but-numba.yml b/ci/requirements/all-but-numba.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ channels:
   - nodefaults
 dependencies:
   # Pin a "very new numpy" (updated Sept 24, 2024)
-  - numpy>=2.1.1
+  - numpy>=2.2
   - aiobotocore
   - array-api-strict<2.4
   - boto3

diff --git a/ci/requirements/bare-min-and-scipy.yml b/ci/requirements/bare-min-and-scipy.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
   - nodefaults
 dependencies:
-  - python=3.10
+  - python=3.11
   - coveralls
   - pip
   - pytest
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ dependencies:
   - pytest-mypy-plugins
   - pytest-timeout
   - pytest-xdist
-  - numpy=1.24
-  - packaging=23.1
-  - pandas=2.1
-  - scipy=1.11
+  - numpy=1.26
+  - packaging=24.1
+  - pandas=2.2
+  - scipy=1.13
diff --git a/ci/requirements/bare-minimum.yml b/ci/requirements/bare-minimum.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
   - nodefaults
 dependencies:
-  - python=3.10
+  - python=3.11
   - coveralls
   - pip
   - pytest
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@ dependencies:
   - pytest-mypy-plugins
   - pytest-timeout
   - pytest-xdist
-  - numpy=1.24
-  - packaging=23.1
-  - pandas=2.1
+  - numpy=1.26
+  - packaging=24.1
+  - pandas=2.2
diff --git a/ci/requirements/doc.yml b/ci/requirements/doc.yml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ dependencies:
   - ncdata
   - netcdf4
   - numba
-  - numpy>=2
+  - numpy>=2.2
   - packaging
   - pandas
   - pooch

diff --git a/ci/requirements/environment.yml b/ci/requirements/environment.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ dependencies:
   - numba
   - numbagg
   - numexpr
-  - numpy>=2
+  - numpy>=2.2
   - opt_einsum
   - packaging
   - pandas

diff --git a/ci/requirements/min-all-deps.yml b/ci/requirements/min-all-deps.yml
@@ -7,40 +7,36 @@ dependencies:
   # Run ci/min_deps_check.py to verify that this file respects the policy.
   # When upgrading python, numpy, or pandas, must also change
   # doc/user-guide/installing.rst, doc/user-guide/plotting.rst and setup.py.
-  - python=3.10
-  - array-api-strict=1.0 # dependency for testing the array api compat
-  - boto3=1.29
-  - bottleneck=1.3
-  - cartopy=0.22
+  - python=3.11
+  - array-api-strict=1.1 # dependency for testing the array api compat
+  - boto3=1.34
+  - bottleneck=1.4
+  - cartopy=0.23
   - cftime=1.6
   - coveralls
-  - dask-core=2023.11
-  - distributed=2023.11
-  # Flox > 0.8 has a bug with numbagg versions
-  # It will require numbagg > 0.6
-  # so we should just skip that series eventually
-  # or keep flox pinned for longer than necessary
-  - flox=0.7
+  - dask-core=2024.6
+  - distributed=2024.6
+  - flox=0.9
   - h5netcdf=1.3
   # h5py and hdf5 tend to cause conflicts
   # for e.g. hdf5 1.12 conflicts with h5py=3.1
   # prioritize bumping other packages instead
-  - h5py=3.8
-  - hdf5=1.12
+  - h5py=3.11
+  - hdf5=1.14
   - hypothesis
-  - iris=3.7
-  - lxml=4.9 # Optional dep of pydap
+  - iris=3.9
+  - lxml=5.1 # Optional dep of pydap
   - matplotlib-base=3.8
   - nc-time-axis=1.4
   # netcdf follows a 1.major.minor[.patch] convention
   # (see https://github.com/Unidata/netcdf4-python/issues/1090)
-  - netcdf4=1.6.0
-  - numba=0.57
-  - numbagg=0.6
-  - numpy=1.24
-  - packaging=23.2
-  - pandas=2.1
-  - pint=0.22
+  - netcdf4=1.6
+  - numba=0.60
+  - numbagg=0.8
+  - numpy=1.26
+  - packaging=24.1
+  - pandas=2.2
+  - pint=0.24
   - pip
   - pydap=3.5
   - pytest
@@ -50,9 +46,8 @@ dependencies:
   - pytest-timeout
   - pytest-xdist
   - rasterio=1.3
-  - scipy=1.11
+  - scipy=1.13
   - seaborn=0.13
-  - sparse=0.14
+  - sparse=0.15
   - toolz=0.12
-  - typing_extensions=4.8
-  - zarr=2.16
+  - zarr=2.18
diff --git a/doc/contribute/contributing.rst b/doc/contribute/contributing.rst
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ We'll now kick off a two-step process:
 .. code-block:: sh
 
    # Create and activate the build environment
-   conda create -c conda-forge -n xarray-tests python=3.10
+   conda create -c conda-forge -n xarray-tests python=3.11
 
    # This is for Linux and MacOS
    conda env update -f ci/requirements/environment.yml

diff --git a/doc/getting-started-guide/installing.rst b/doc/getting-started-guide/installing.rst
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ Installation
 Required dependencies
 ---------------------
 
-- Python (3.10 or later)
-- `numpy <https://www.numpy.org/>`__ (1.23 or later)
-- `packaging <https://packaging.pypa.io/en/latest/#>`__ (23.1 or later)
-- `pandas <https://pandas.pydata.org/>`__ (2.0 or later)
+- Python (3.11 or later)
+- `numpy <https://www.numpy.org/>`__ (1.26 or later)
+- `packaging <https://packaging.pypa.io/en/latest/#>`__ (24.1 or later)
+- `pandas <https://pandas.pydata.org/>`__ (2.2 or later)
 
 .. _optional-dependencies:
 

diff --git a/doc/whats-new.rst b/doc/whats-new.rst
@@ -15,10 +15,91 @@ New Features
 - Expose :py:class:`~xarray.indexes.RangeIndex`, and :py:class:`~xarray.indexes.CoordinateTransformIndex` as public api
   under the ``xarray.indexes`` namespace. By `Deepak Cherian <https://github.com/dcherian>`_.
 
-
 Breaking changes
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
+The minimum versions of some dependencies were changed (:issue:`10417`, :pull:`10438`):
+By `Dhruva Kumar Kaushal <https://github.com/dhruvak001>`_.
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+   :widths: 30 20 20
+
+   * - Dependency
+     - Old Version
+     - New Version
+   * - Python
+     - 3.10
+     - 3.11
+   * - array-api-strict
+     - 1.0
+     - 1.1
+   * - boto3
+     - 1.29
+     - 1.34
+   * - bottleneck
+     - 1.3
+     - 1.4
+   * - cartopy
+     - 0.22
+     - 0.23
+   * - dask-core
+     - 2023.11
+     - 2024.6
+   * - distributed
+     - 2023.11
+     - 2024.6
+   * - flox
+     - 0.7
+     - 0.9
+   * - h5py
+     - 3.8
+     - 3.11
+   * - hdf5
+     - 1.12
+     - 1.14
+   * - iris
+     - 3.7
+     - 3.9
+   * - lxml
+     - 4.9
+     - 5.1
+   * - matplotlib-base
+     - 3.7
+     - 3.8
+   * - numba
+     - 0.57
+     - 0.60
+   * - numbagg
+     - 0.6
+     - 0.8
+   * - numpy
+     - 1.24
+     - 1.26
+   * - packaging
+     - 23.2
+     - 24.1
+   * - pandas
+     - 2.1
+     - 2.2
+   * - pint
+     - 0.22
+     - 0.24
+   * - pydap
+     - N/A
+     - 3.5
+   * - scipy
+     - 1.11
+     - 1.13
+   * - sparse
+     - 0.14
+     - 0.15
+   * - typing_extensions
+     - 4.8
+     - Removed
+   * - zarr
+     - 2.16
+     - 2.18
 
 Deprecations
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ classifiers = [
   "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
   "Programming Language :: Python",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-  "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
   "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
@@ -17,31 +16,38 @@ dynamic = ["version"]
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 name = "xarray"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.10"
+requires-python = ">=3.11"
 
-dependencies = ["numpy>=1.24", "packaging>=23.2", "pandas>=2.1"]
+dependencies = ["numpy>=1.26", "packaging>=24.1", "pandas>=2.2"]
 
 # We don't encode minimum requirements here (though if we can write a script to
 # generate the text from `min_deps_check.py`, that's welcome...). We do add
 # `numba>=0.54` here because of https://github.com/astral-sh/uv/issues/7881;
 # note that it's not a direct dependency of xarray.
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
-accel = ["scipy", "bottleneck", "numbagg", "numba>=0.54", "flox", "opt_einsum"]
+accel = [
+  "scipy>=1.13",
+  "bottleneck",
+  "numbagg>=0.8",
+  "numba>=0.59",
+  "flox>=0.9",
+  "opt_einsum",
+]
 complete = ["xarray[accel,etc,io,parallel,viz]"]
 io = [
-  "netCDF4",
+  "netCDF4>=1.6.0",
   "h5netcdf",
-  "scipy",
-  'pydap; python_version<"3.10"',
-  "zarr",
+  "pydap",
+  "scipy>=1.13",
+  "zarr>=2.18",
   "fsspec",
   "cftime",
   "pooch",
 ]
-etc = ["sparse"]
+etc = ["sparse>=0.15"]
 parallel = ["dask[complete]"]
-viz = ["cartopy", "matplotlib", "nc-time-axis", "seaborn"]
+viz = ["cartopy>=0.23", "matplotlib", "nc-time-axis", "seaborn"]
 types = [
   "pandas-stubs",
   "scipy-stubs",

diff --git a/xarray/coding/variables.py b/xarray/coding/variables.py
            # otherwise numpy unsigned ints will silently cast to the signed counterpart
            fill_value = fill_value.item()
        # passes if provided fill value fits in encoded on-disk type
        new_fill = encoded_dtype.type(fill_value)
    except OverflowError:
        encoded_kind_str = "signed" if encoded_dtype.kind == "i" else "unsigned"
        warnings.warn(
diff --git a/xarray/tests/test_backends.py b/xarray/tests/test_backends.py

    def test_cmp_local_file(self) -> None:
        with self.create_datasets() as (actual, expected):
            assert_equal(actual, expected)

            # global attributes should be global attributes on the dataset
            assert "NC_GLOBAL" not in actual.attrs
    @requires_dask
    def test_dask(self) -> None:
        with self.create_datasets(chunks={"j": 2}) as (actual, expected):
            assert_equal(actual, expected)


 @network
	# otherwise numpy unsigned ints will silently cast to the signed counterpart
	fill_value = fill_value.item()
	# passes if provided fill value fits in encoded on-disk type
	new_fill = encoded_dtype.type(fill_value)
Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 bare-min-and-scipy `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 bare-min-and-scipy `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 bare-min-and-scipy `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 bare-min-and-scipy `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 bare-min-and-scipy `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 bare-min-and-scipy `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 bare-min-and-scipy `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 bare-min-and-scipy `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 bare-min-and-scipy `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 bare-min-and-scipy `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 min-all-deps `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 min-all-deps `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 min-all-deps `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 min-all-deps `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 min-all-deps `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 min-all-deps `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 min-all-deps `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 min-all-deps `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 min-all-deps `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).` Check warning on line 244 in xarray/coding/variables.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.11 min-all-deps `NumPy will stop allowing conversion of out-of-bound Python integers to integer arrays. The conversion of 255 to int8 will fail in the future. For the old behavior, usually: np.array(value).astype(dtype) will give the desired result (the cast overflows).`
	except OverflowError:
	encoded_kind_str = "signed" if encoded_dtype.kind == "i" else "unsigned"
	warnings.warn(

	def test_cmp_local_file(self) -> None:
	with self.create_datasets() as (actual, expected):
	assert_equal(actual, expected)
Check failure on line 5448 in xarray/tests/test_backends.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.13 all-but-numba `TestPydap.test_cmp_local_file AssertionError: Left and right Dataset objects are not equal Differing data variables: L bears (i, j) <U3 72B 'ind' 'ist' 'ing' 'uis' 'hab' 'le' R bears (i, j) \|S4 24B b'ind' b'ist' b'ing' b'uis' b'hab' b'le'`

	# global attributes should be global attributes on the dataset
	assert "NC_GLOBAL" not in actual.attrs
	@requires_dask
	def test_dask(self) -> None:
	with self.create_datasets(chunks={"j": 2}) as (actual, expected):
	assert_equal(actual, expected)
Check failure on line 5495 in xarray/tests/test_backends.py GitHub Actions / ubuntu-latest py3.13 all-but-numba `TestPydap.test_dask AssertionError: Left and right Dataset objects are not equal Differing data variables: L bears (i, j) <U3 72B 'ind' 'ist' 'ing' 'uis' 'hab' 'le' R bears (i, j) \|S4 24B b'ind' b'ist' b'ing' b'uis' b'hab' b'le'`


	@network