goat
𓃶 vs 𓃙 𓃚 𓃵 𓃘 𓃲 𓃴 𓃳
𓋴 𓇋 𓎛 𓃶 goat ǧiḫt tier
𓋴 𓇋 𓎛 𓃶 noble, good ≈ goat 贵族 guìzú “noble”
𓋴 𓇋 𓎛 𓃶 noble 𒊕𒀸 saĝ-dil "single; noble"
𓋴 𓇋 𓎛 𓃶 noble šľachtic "noble" sacret "remembered"
𓋴 𓇋 𓎛 𓃶 sih ⇔ 𒍚 uz₃ she-goat
𒍚 enzum enzu αἶγες “she-goat” Arabic عَنْز ʿnz
𒍚 uzud ožys
𒍚 uz₃ עֵז ez այծ ayc αἴξ aíx 𒍚 enzu عنزة ʿanze αἶγες ⇔ ožka
𓃶 goat 𓋴 𓇋 𓎛 𓃶 good 贵族 guìzú “noble” godtier ǧiḫ™
𓃶 goat 𓌡 𓏏 𓏮 𓃶 | goat | ≈ goad ≈ 𓌡 𓏤 𓂝 𓃶 | goat
𓃵 ibex > 𓇋 𓃀 𓏡 𓅱 𓃲
𓃶 bock boc/boz > oc/oz ⇔ bos ox 𓃒
𓃙 goats gat/gaz 𓃴 gazelle kaz/kat kid cattle 𓃒 𓃙 ⋍ 𓃔 cow ⇔ gavr 𓃙 caprico
| neuter | male | female | comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| 𐙫 𐘇 𐘇 | 𐘂 𐀞 | 𐘠 𐀴 | 𐘡 E 𐙛 •ES 𐙛 𐘠𐘂 |
| 𐀥 we⋍ovis | 𐂇 ram/bock | 𐂆eve | sheep |
| 𐁒 qi⋍goat | 𐂉 bock | 𐂈 sheep-goat | capre gamma⋍ram |
| 𐘏 qi⋍goat | 𐘑 bock | 𐚽/𐘐 she-goat | 𐛖 𐚽 𐘏+𐘤 capre 𐘏 qi ⋍ 𐘕 cattle |
chimera monstrous creature with parts from multiple animals pun of χ + μέρος méros “part”
𓃙 χίμαιρα khímaira “female goat ” from
𓃶 χίμαρος khímaros goat ” PIE √ǵʰey-.
𓃙 ᵡimmeru 𒅎 𒈨𒊒 ᵡim-me-ru sheep
𓃘 χmārā ᶜimēra 𓄙 𓅓 𓃘 𒀲 imērum < *ḥimār “donkey” 𐎈𐎎𐎗 ḥmr ܚܡܪܐ ḥmārā < 𒄿𒈨𒊒 ᶜi-me-ru gomar
𒄞 GUD goat / cattle
𓋾 𓅱 𓏏 𓃙 | herds | Heqrds
𓋾 𓅱 𓏏 𓃙 | goats | goad 𓋾 ⇔ guide
*ǵʰaydn- “goat”
*ǵʰaydn- “goat”
𒁍 gid₂ guide ⇔ 𒁍 PU pull ⇔ zug Ziege!
𓋾 𓅱 𓏏 𓃙 | goats | goad 𓋾 goat ⇔ guide
𒁍 gid₂ •goad ⇔ 𓋾 ϫⲟⲩⲕϩ “goad”
إِبْرَة ʾibra needle
𒇻 UDU / UTU < ʰaita@Latvian < hidu 𒄭𒁺 hi-du@Elam < •ǧudu 𒇇 𒄞 GUD goat cattle kaṭh "sheep"
𓇋 𓃀 𓃙 ipr ⇔ 𐎛𐎎𐎗 ỉmr (lamb) << (𓃀 jambe) >> llamb
𓇋 𓃀 𓃙 𓏏 𓀁 | thirst | lambida ( yb/λb ymb ⇔ λmb ) ☑
𓇋 𓃀 𓇲 𓃙 𓄛 | kid goat | ibraᶥⁿ ewe bock > 𓃀 𓃙 berx lamb
𓇋 𓃀 𓏡 𓅱 𓃲 | Barbary sheep | ewe ovis
𓇋 𓃀 𓇲 𓃙 𓄛 | kid goat | ewe / ibra ibex bock
𓃵 ibex bok Bock buck באָק 𓃶 بکری bakrī બકરી bakrī بز bique bouc boz ແບ້ bǣ бож bož бжэн زِن bizin bžăn mbuzi imbuzi
𒁍𒄩𒁺 pu-ḫa-du
𒁍𒄩𒁺 lamb ⇔ πhe-goat
𒁍𒃵𒌅 bu-qam-tu
𒁍𒃵𒌅 ewe lamb
the connection between bock and bos or goat and cattle becomes apparent:
𓇬 𓈋 𓏌 | goats | 𒇻 ⇔ Gut Güter goods +
𓇬 𓈋 𓃒 𓏥 | short-horned cattle |
𐁁-𐀼 ai-za αἶγες •aincs 𓋹𓈖𓐍
𓃶 Αἰγαῖος
𓉻 𓂝 𓄿 𓄿 | Asiatic | Achaeans , Achaear, Aegear Αἰγαῖος ⇔ αἶγες aîges, “waves”
𓉻 𓂝 𓄿 𓏜 | greatness | ἄριστος áristos, “best” ⇔ aristocracy
羔着 gāo-zhao koza Geiß-zoon 𓋹 翔 gāo-zhao2/zhe/zhu4/zhuo2
羔羊 gāoyáng goat Geiß OCS koza Alb. kedh kid Semitic *gadi̯! ጃዲ ⇔ cattle haedus <?> hēcen hoekijn
коза koza geiz 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 (gaits), γίδα (el) f (gída), γίδι (el) n (gídi) Geiss geiz ziga reverse : Ziege, Geiß kecske geit
koza kozel казёл m (kazjól) каза́ f (kazá) kòza გაზაჼ (gazã) газа gaza ဆိတ် hcit Estonian: kits
κατσίκα katsíka качака (kač̬ak̬a) ქოშიკი (košiḳi) ქოშატი (košaṭi) geziege سخل saχel ?
着 zhao @ zhao.kur.os zagros -- Sagartians 𐎠𐎿𐎥𐎼𐎫 Asagarta
着 ɖɨʌ, ʈɨʌX, ʈɨʌH, ʈɨɐk̚, ɖɨɐk̚ ⇔ Zeug Ziege Yak, yī 衣 羊 ⺷ yáng 𓃶 𓋹𓈖𓐍
names of domesticated animals are often connected to capturing and head-count.
Following this observation, can we find goat < caput, sheep < Schopf?
𓇬 𓈋 𓏌 | goats | goayr gavr caprã chèvre Schaf 𓈉 ⇔ 𓈋 gorge > каир kajir քաղ kʿał
𓇬 𓈋 𓏌 | goats | GoaTaler 𓈋 •dvl 着 ɖɨʌ ʈɨʌH дегӏен Geteilt çatal cuttlery cut
Goat < kurd karitsa خَرُوف ḵarūf gwidr 𐍅𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌿𐍃 wiþrus widder ⇔ Futter? feet?
Goat ⇔ Lamm Lämmer 𐎛𐎎𐎗 ỉmr 𓂋?
𓇋 𓃀 𓇲 𓃙 𓄛 | kid goat | ibra ewe bock > 𓃀 𓃙 berx lamb
bock > αἴξ ?
𓃵 ibex bok Bock באָק بکری bakrī બકરી bakrī بز bique bouc boz ແບ້ bǣ бож bož бжэн زِن bizin bžăn mbuzi imbuzi
𓃶 αἴξ aíx այծ ayc αἶγες عنزة ʿanze 𒍚 enzu 𓇬 #wn 𓇬𓈋𓏌 𒍚 ÙZ uzud antx ahuntz@Basque! ⇔ مَاعِز māʿiz ಮೇಕೆ mēke ⇔ mbuzi
𓃶 αἴξ mauz مَاعِز māʿiz עֵז ez āzis ožka ožys эчки eçki ئۆچكە öchke echki өшкү öşkü
𓃙 агнѧ agnę (lamb)
𓃶 •nagar 𓈖 𓂋 𓄫 𓏲 𓄀 ibex •aïngagross αίγαγρος ⇔ 牛
kid 𓄡 𓄡𓇋𓇋𓂋𓏏𓀔 chird PROcreation
𓃙 kid goat ⇔
𓐍𓏤𓀔 child
𓎡 𓏏 𓅪 | youth | KID 𓅪 Kindheit
Ziege@Zagros ציג
Ziege Zudj Gud goad
𒈧 𒍚𒁕 maš₂uzud •maš₂zud mastgoat breed-goat
The wild bezoar ibex of the Zagros Mountains is the likely original ancestor of probably all domestic goats today.[6]
Neolithic farmers began to herd wild goats primarily for easy access to milk and meat, as well as to their dung, which was used as fuel; and their bones, hair, and sinew were used for clothing, building, and tools.[1] The earliest remnants of domesticated goats dating 10,000 years before present are found in Ganj Dareh in Iran. Goat remains have been found at archaeological sites in Jericho, Choga Mami,[8] Djeitun, and Çayönü, dating the domestication of goats in Western Asia at between 8,000 and 9,000 years ago. The first arrival of goat herders in China is attested at the Shimao site.
The genetic goat haplogroups A,B,C,D,E split very early, but mostly only A is found in early Anatolia, while A,B,C reached China and D is prevalent in India.
Historically, goat hide has been used for water and wine bottles in both traveling and transporting wine for sale. It has also been used to produce parchment.
羊 yáng 𓃶 αἶγες 𓃶𓋩𓋹 ankh
羊着 yáng-zhao1/zhao2/zhe/zhu4/zhuo2 enzu 𒍚 𐎓𐎇 ain+ze “she-goat” Arabic عَنْز ʿnz <?> *h2eǵ hēcen
手 shǒu : Schaf(t) 𓃙 ⇔ Schäfer ⇔ √capr+√horn ? κάπρος caper gabor gafr hæfer
生 shankh 𓋹𓃶𓋩 > zinga > ziga Ziege δίζα OE ticcen
𐂇 ram/bock|𐂆eve|𐀥 we⋍ovis|sheep
𐂉 cap|𐂈sheep-goat|𐁒 goat gamma⋍ram|
Proto-Indo-Europeans probably did not have a word for ‘goat’. This follows from the fact that all “Indo-European terms for ‘goat’ for the most part have areal distributions” (Gamkrelidze/Ivanov
1995: 500). Mallory and Adams (2006: 104) reconstruct five goat words for PIE, h 11
viz. *dig-, *buǵ-, *h2eiǵ- (Geiss), *h2eǵ- and *kapr- , but all of these reconstructions, except perhaps *bhuǵ- (Bock), turn out to be post-PIE regionalisms with roots that defy the rules of PIE phonology.
PIE √H4eyğ- ‘goat’ (a well-established root) Geiss reverse
IEW 13 *aiğ- Hurrian aigalluhi
It was suggested by Möller (1911: 128) that the source of goat OCS koza is Semitic *gadi̯ - ‘goat’, cf. Arab. gadyu , Hebr. g δī, Berb. agayd. The same etymon, however, was more appropriately linked to **ghaid- by Illich-Svitych (1964: 3), who assumed borrowing at the Proto-Indo-European level. This view was embraced by Levin (1995: 115–9) and the occidentalist Bernal (2006, III: 101–2), the latter arguing that the languages in which it occurs, i.e. Germanic and Latin, were too distant from South-West Asia to have adopted it individually after the disintegration of the Proto-Indo-European unity. To Vennemann, however, exactly this dialectal isolation meant the confirmation of his view that Northern Europe was colonized from the Western Mediterranean by Semitic sea-farers (e.g. 1995: 90; 2003a: 250–2, 615). Both hypotheses are actually defendable, but Vennemann’s scenario implies that cattle breeding spread to North West Europe through sea-bound colonization along the Atlantic coast, which is contradicted by the archaeological evidence.
Diakonov’s suggestion (1985: 132) that both Italo-Germanic
Non-Indo-European root nouns in Germanic: evidence in support of the Agricultural Substrate Hypothesis *ghaid- and PSem. *gadi̯ - originate from a third source, which ultimately may be connected to the aforementioned synonyms *ai̯ di̯ - and *kā̆ ǵ(h)-. In this context, it is important to consider similar words for ‘goat’ and ‘billy goat’ in the Caucasian languages, e.g. Adyge āča ‘he-goat’, Dargwa (Akushi) ʕeža ⋍ (Chi- rag) ʕač:a (Witzel 2004: §2.3). Most plausibly, the ‘goat’ word filtered through the old continuum of agricultural and cattle breeding cultures that had expanded into Europe from the East in the millennia preceding the arrival of the Indo-Europeans.
fair enough
UD5 | 𒍚 | uzud⋍αἶγες (goat) 𓇬 #wn عنزة ʿanze 𒍚 enzu αἶγ
UDU | 𒇻 | Eud < gut/goat goat ( 𓇬 + “gut”
αἶγες ⇔ phaigs ⇔ Bock ⇔ fuck? (αἶγες ⇔ geile sau?)
Instruments: guitar, gaita ?
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gaita#Portuguese
boz/boc < •bozc < buziege ⇔ berg part? gebirge <?> caprico
The wild BEZOAR ibex of the Zagros Mountains is the likely original ancestor of probably all domestic goats today.[6]
𓈋 gap ġeap ġeap geopening ⇔ capri/corn > gavrⁿ > horn 𓈋 ⇔
𓄋 պոզ poz bock ⇔ part 𓄋𓊪𓏲𓏏𓏴𓀁 ?
𒃢 GAZI cheese
𒂵 galac milk (liquid@cow) #šizbu
𒂵𒋩 GA.sur to milk
𒂵𒌙 gamur cheese (𒂵 galac milk)
𒂵𒄯 ga'ar cheese (𒂵 galac milk) ḫaMUR 𓏇
𒂵𒄯𒃢 ga.ar.zi a dairy product
𒂵𒃢 gazi cheese
𒂵𒃢 ⇔ goat
𒂵𒃢 ⇔ Ziege
𐁁-𐀼 ai-za αἶγες •aincs 𓋹𓈖𓐍
𐀀-𐀐-𐀩 a-ke-re •'he collects (goats)' ⇔ ἀγείρω
𐀀-𐀑-𐀪-𐀊 a-ki-ri-ja •'wild creatures' describing goats ⇔ ἄγριος ⇔ anger?
𐀀-𐀑-𐀴-𐀪-𐀊 a-ki-ti-ri-ja wild ⇔ tier
ϫⲟⲩⲕϩ “goad” ϫⲟⲕϩ⳼ ↔ ϫⲟⲩⲕϩ “bite”
Avestan gaēθa- "animal"
𒌋𒉌𒄣 u-ni-qu
𒌋𒉌𒄣 female kid
𒌋𒊑𒋢 u-ri-su
𒌋𒊑𒋢 male goat
𓇋 𓂧 𓂋 𓎩 𓃒 𓏥 | herd of animals | עֵדֶר eder deer 𓂧 𓂋 𓄛 taur sürü@Turk 𓎩 𓂋 𓃒 𓈓 | herd of animals | עדר עֵדֶר eder gather @ Gatter guard goatᵉʳ goats