Native embedding samples. (#449)

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/AndroidManifest.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+  <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@mipmap/appicon" android:label="@string/app_name" android:roundIcon="@mipmap/appicon_round" android:supportsRtl="true">
+  </application>
+  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
+</manifest>

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/MainActivity.cs

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+using static Android.Views.ViewGroup.LayoutParams;
+
+namespace NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid
+{
+    [Activity(Label = "@string/app_name", MainLauncher = true, Theme = "@style/AppTheme")]
+    public class MainActivity : Activity
+    {
+        public static readonly Lazy<MauiApp> MauiApp = new(() =>
+        {
+            var mauiApp = MauiProgram.CreateMauiApp(builder =>
+            {
+                builder.UseMauiEmbedding();
+            });
+            return mauiApp;
+        });
+
+        public static bool UseWindowContext = true;
+
+        MyMauiContent? mauiView;
+
+        protected override void OnCreate(Bundle? savedInstanceState)
+        {
+            base.OnCreate(savedInstanceState);
+
+            // Set the view from the "main" layout resource
+            SetContentView(Resource.Layout.activity_main);
+
+            var rootLayout = FindViewById<LinearLayout>(Resource.Id.rootLayout)!;
+
+            // Create Android button
+            var androidButton = new Android.Widget.Button(this);
+            androidButton.Text = "Android button above .NET MAUI controls";
+            androidButton.Click += OnAndroidButtonClicked;
+            rootLayout.AddView(androidButton, new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(MatchParent, WrapContent));
+
+            // Ensure .NET MAUI app is built before creating .NET MAUI views
+            var mauiApp = MainActivity.MauiApp.Value;
+
+            // Create .NET MAUI context
+            var mauiContext = UseWindowContext
+                ? mauiApp.CreateEmbeddedWindowContext(this) // Create window context
+                : new MauiContext(mauiApp.Services, this);  // Create app context
+
+            // Create .NET MAUI content
+            mauiView = new MyMauiContent();
+
+            // Create native view
+            var nativeView = mauiView.ToPlatformEmbedded(mauiContext);
+
+            // Add native view to layout
+            rootLayout.AddView(nativeView, new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(MatchParent, WrapContent));
+        }
+
+        async void OnAndroidButtonClicked(object? sender, EventArgs e)
+        {
+            if (mauiView?.DotNetBot is not Image bot)
+                return;
+
+            await bot.RotateTo(360, 1000);
+            bot.Rotation = 0;
+
+            bot.HeightRequest = 90;
+        }
+    }
+}

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid.csproj

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+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+	<PropertyGroup>
+		<TargetFramework>net8.0-android</TargetFramework>
+		<SupportedOSPlatformVersion>21</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
+		<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+		<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+		<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+
+		<UseMaui>true</UseMaui>
+		<MauiEnablePlatformUsings>true</MauiEnablePlatformUsings>
+
+		<ApplicationId>com.companyname.nativeembeddingdemo</ApplicationId>
+		<ApplicationVersion>1</ApplicationVersion>
+		<ApplicationDisplayVersion>1.0</ApplicationDisplayVersion>
+	</PropertyGroup>
+
+	<ItemGroup>
+		<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Maui.Controls" Version="$(MauiVersion)" />
+		<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Compatibility" Version="$(MauiVersion)" />
+	</ItemGroup>
+
+	<ItemGroup>
+		<ProjectReference Include="..\NativeEmbeddingDemo.Library\NativeEmbeddingDemo.Library.csproj" />
+		<ProjectReference Include="..\NativeEmbeddingDemo\NativeEmbeddingDemo.csproj" />
+	</ItemGroup>
+
+	<ProjectExtensions><VisualStudio><UserProperties XamarinHotReloadDebuggerTimeoutExceptionNativeEmbeddingDemoDroidHideInfoBar="True" /></VisualStudio></ProjectExtensions>
+
+</Project>

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/Resources/AboutResources.txt

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+Images, layout descriptions, binary blobs and string dictionaries can be included 
+in your application as resource files.  Various Android APIs are designed to 
+operate on the resource IDs instead of dealing with images, strings or binary blobs 
+directly.
+
+For example, a sample Android app that contains a user interface layout (main.xml),
+an internationalization string table (strings.xml) and some icons (drawable-XXX/icon.png) 
+would keep its resources in the "Resources" directory of the application:
+
+Resources/
+    drawable/
+        icon.png
+
+    layout/
+        main.xml
+
+    values/
+        strings.xml
+
+In order to get the build system to recognize Android resources, set the build action to
+"AndroidResource".  The native Android APIs do not operate directly with filenames, but 
+instead operate on resource IDs.  When you compile an Android application that uses resources, 
+the build system will package the resources for distribution and generate a class called "Resource" 
+(this is an Android convention) that contains the tokens for each one of the resources 
+included. For example, for the above Resources layout, this is what the Resource class would expose:
+
+public class Resource {
+    public class Drawable {
+        public const int icon = 0x123;
+    }
+
+    public class Layout {
+        public const int main = 0x456;
+    }
+
+    public class Strings {
+        public const int first_string = 0xabc;
+        public const int second_string = 0xbcd;
+    }
+}
+
+You would then use Resource.Drawable.icon to reference the drawable/icon.png file, or 
+Resource.Layout.main to reference the layout/main.xml file, or Resource.Strings.first_string 
+to reference the first string in the dictionary file values/strings.xml.

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/Resources/layout/activity_main.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
+    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="match_parent"
+    android:orientation="vertical"
+    android:id="@+id/rootLayout"
+    android:padding="8dp">
+</LinearLayout>

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/Resources/mipmap-anydpi-v26/appicon.xml

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+<adaptive-icon xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+  <background android:drawable="@mipmap/appicon_background" />
+  <foreground android:drawable="@mipmap/appicon_foreground" />
+</adaptive-icon>

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/Resources/mipmap-anydpi-v26/appicon_round.xml

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+<adaptive-icon xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+  <background android:drawable="@mipmap/appicon_background" />
+  <foreground android:drawable="@mipmap/appicon_foreground" />
+</adaptive-icon>

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/Resources/values/colors.xml

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+<resources>
+	<color name="primaryColor">#3F51B5</color>
+	<color name="primaryDarkColor">#303F9F</color>
+	<color name="accentColor">#FF4081</color>
+</resources>

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/Resources/values/ic_launcher_background.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<resources>
+    <color name="ic_launcher_background">#2C3E50</color>
+</resources>

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/Resources/values/strings.xml

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+<resources>
+    <string name="app_name">NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid</string>
+    <string name="app_text">Hello, Android!</string>
+</resources>

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/Resources/values/styles.xml

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+<resources>
+	<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.MaterialComponents.Light">
+		<item name="colorPrimary">@color/primaryColor</item>
+		<item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/primaryDarkColor</item>
+		<item name="colorAccent">@color/accentColor</item>
+	</style>
+</resources>

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Library/EmbeddedExtensions.cs

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+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Extensions;
+using Microsoft.Maui.Platform;
+
+#if ANDROID
+using PlatformView = Android.Views.View;
+using PlatformWindow = Android.App.Activity;
+using PlatformApplication = Android.App.Application;
+#elif IOS || MACCATALYST
+using PlatformView = UIKit.UIView;
+using PlatformWindow = UIKit.UIWindow;
+using PlatformApplication = UIKit.IUIApplicationDelegate;
+#elif WINDOWS
+using PlatformView = Microsoft.UI.Xaml.FrameworkElement;
+using PlatformWindow = Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window;
+using PlatformApplication = Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Application;
+#endif
+
+namespace Microsoft.Maui.Controls;
+
+public static class EmbeddedExtensions
+{
+    public static MauiAppBuilder UseMauiEmbedding(this MauiAppBuilder builder, PlatformApplication? platformApplication = null)
+    {
+#if ANDROID
+        platformApplication ??= (Android.App.Application)Android.App.Application.Context;
+#elif IOS || MACCATALYST
+        platformApplication ??= UIKit.UIApplication.SharedApplication.Delegate;
+#elif WINDOWS
+        platformApplication ??= Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Application.Current;
+#endif
+
+        builder.Services.AddSingleton(platformApplication);
+        builder.Services.AddSingleton<EmbeddedPlatformApplication>();
+        builder.Services.AddScoped<EmbeddedWindowProvider>();
+
+        // Returning null is acceptable here as the platform window is optional - but we don't know until we resolve it
+        builder.Services.AddScoped<PlatformWindow>(svc => svc.GetRequiredService<EmbeddedWindowProvider>().PlatformWindow!);
+        builder.Services.TryAddEnumerable(ServiceDescriptor.Singleton<IMauiInitializeService, EmbeddedInitializeService>());
+        builder.ConfigureMauiHandlers(handlers =>
+        {
+            handlers.AddHandler(typeof(Window), typeof(EmbeddedWindowHandler));
+        });
+
+        return builder;
+    }
+
+    public static IMauiContext CreateEmbeddedWindowContext(this MauiApp mauiApp, PlatformWindow platformWindow, Window? window = null)
+    {
+        var windowScope = mauiApp.Services.CreateScope();
+
+#if ANDROID
+        var windowContext = new MauiContext(windowScope.ServiceProvider, platformWindow);
+#else
+        var windowContext = new MauiContext(windowScope.ServiceProvider);
+#endif
+
+        window ??= new Window();
+
+        var wndProvider = windowContext.Services.GetRequiredService<EmbeddedWindowProvider>();
+        wndProvider.SetWindow(platformWindow, window);
+        window.ToHandler(windowContext);
+
+        return windowContext;
+    }
+
+    public static PlatformView ToPlatformEmbedded(this IElement element, IMauiContext context)
+    {
+        var wndProvider = context.Services.GetService<EmbeddedWindowProvider>();
+        if (wndProvider is not null && wndProvider.Window is Window wnd && element is VisualElement visual)
+            wnd.AddLogicalChild(visual);
+
+        return element.ToPlatform(context);
+    }
+
+    private class EmbeddedInitializeService : IMauiInitializeService
+    {
+        public void Initialize(IServiceProvider services) =>
+            services.GetRequiredService<EmbeddedPlatformApplication>();
+    }
+}

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Library/EmbeddedPlatformApplication.cs

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+#if ANDROID
+using PlatformApplication = Android.App.Application;
+#elif IOS || MACCATALYST
+using PlatformApplication = UIKit.IUIApplicationDelegate;
+#elif WINDOWS
+using PlatformApplication = Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Application;
+#endif
+
+namespace Microsoft.Maui.Controls;
+
+internal class EmbeddedPlatformApplication : IPlatformApplication
+{
+    private readonly MauiContext rootContext;
+    private readonly IMauiContext applicationContext;
+
+    public IServiceProvider Services { get; }
+    public IApplication Application { get; }
+
+    public EmbeddedPlatformApplication(IServiceProvider services)
+    {
+        IPlatformApplication.Current = this;
+
+#if ANDROID
+        var platformApp = services.GetRequiredService<PlatformApplication>();
+        rootContext = new MauiContext(services, platformApp);
+#else
+        rootContext = new MauiContext(services);
+#endif
+
+        applicationContext = MakeApplicationScope(rootContext);
+        Services = applicationContext.Services;
+        Application = Services.GetRequiredService<IApplication>();
+    }
+
+    private static IMauiContext MakeApplicationScope(IMauiContext rootContext)
+    {
+        var scopedContext = new MauiContext(rootContext.Services);
+        InitializeScopedServices(scopedContext);
+        return scopedContext;
+    }
+
+    private static void InitializeScopedServices(IMauiContext scopedContext)
+    {
+        var scopedServices = scopedContext.Services.GetServices<IMauiInitializeScopedService>();
+
+        foreach (var service in scopedServices)
+            service.Initialize(scopedContext.Services);
+    }
+}

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Library/EmbeddedWindowHandler.cs

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+using Microsoft.Maui.Handlers;
+
+#if ANDROID
+using PlatformWindow = Android.App.Activity;
+#elif IOS || MACCATALYST
+using PlatformWindow = UIKit.UIWindow;
+#elif WINDOWS
+using PlatformWindow = Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window;
+#endif
+
+namespace Microsoft.Maui.Controls;
+
+internal class EmbeddedWindowHandler : ElementHandler<IWindow, PlatformWindow>, IWindowHandler
+{
+    public static IPropertyMapper<IWindow, IWindowHandler> Mapper =
+        new PropertyMapper<IWindow, IWindowHandler>(ElementHandler.ElementMapper)
+        {
+        };
+
+    public static CommandMapper<IWindow, IWindowHandler> CommandMapper =
+        new CommandMapper<IWindow, IWindowHandler>(ElementHandler.ElementCommandMapper)
+        {
+        };
+
+    public EmbeddedWindowHandler() : base(Mapper)
+    {
+    }
+
+    protected override PlatformWindow CreatePlatformElement() =>
+        MauiContext!.Services.GetRequiredService<PlatformWindow>() ??
+        throw new InvalidOperationException("EmbeddedWindowHandler could not locate a platform window.");
+}

8.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Library/EmbeddedWindowProvider.cs

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+#if ANDROID
+using PlatformWindow = Android.App.Activity;
+#elif IOS || MACCATALYST
+using PlatformWindow = UIKit.UIWindow;
+#elif WINDOWS
+using PlatformWindow = Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Window;
+#endif
+
+namespace Microsoft.Maui.Controls;
+
+public class EmbeddedWindowProvider
+{
+    WeakReference<PlatformWindow?>? platformWindow;
+    WeakReference<Window?>? window;
+
+    public PlatformWindow? PlatformWindow => Get(platformWindow);
+    public Window? Window => Get(window);
+
+    public void SetWindow(PlatformWindow? platformWindow, Window? window)
+    {
+        this.platformWindow = new WeakReference<PlatformWindow?>(platformWindow);
+        this.window = new WeakReference<Window?>(window);
+    }
+
+    private static T? Get<T>(WeakReference<T?>? weak) where T : class =>
+        weak is not null && weak.TryGetTarget(out var target) ? target : null;
+}