feat(docker): introduce autoware-base images

[youtalk]

Description

To improve the efficiency of container builds and enhance readability in the Dockerfile, this PR is introducing the autoware-base images as the base image for the autoware images.
The autoware-base image is scheduled to be updated only once a month.

The resulting images will be as follows:
https://github.com/youtalk/autoware/pkgs/container/autoware-base

However, the autoware-base image has not yet been configured to be used for building the autoware image, so there are no side effects at this point. This will be implemented in the next PR.

Tests performed

https://github.com/youtalk/autoware/actions/runs/11971168497/job/33375410665

Effects on system behavior

Not applicable.

Interface changes

Pre-review checklist for the PR author

The PR author must check the checkboxes below when creating the PR.

• I've confirmed the contribution guidelines.
• The PR follows the pull request guidelines.

In-review checklist for the PR reviewers

The PR reviewers must check the checkboxes below before approval.

• The PR follows the pull request guidelines.

Post-review checklist for the PR author

The PR author must check the checkboxes below before merging.

• There are no open discussions or they are tracked via tickets.

After all checkboxes are checked, anyone who has write access can merge the PR.

Copilot reviewed 2 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 suggestion.

Files not reviewed (2)

• docker/Dockerfile.base: Language not supported
• docker/docker-bake-base.hcl: Language not supported

Comments skipped due to low confidence (1)

.github/actions/docker-build-and-push-base/action.yaml:30

• The bake-target 'docker-metadata-action-base' is not defined in the provided diff. This might cause an error during execution.

bake-target: docker-metadata-action-base

[mitsudome-r]

LGTM