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danielskatz authored Jul 10, 2021
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Traditional microsimulation frameworks typically use a proprietary modelling language, often place restrictions on data formats, and vary in terms of efficiency or scalability. *neworder* provides an efficient, flexible, and scalable framework for implementing microsimulation models using standard Python code. Being a framework, it has been designed with reusability and extensibility as primary motivations.

It is predominantly implemented in C++ for maximal performance and supports both serial and parallel execution. Particular attention has been paid to provision of powerful and flexible random number generation and timestepping functionality.
It is predominantly implemented in C++ for maximal performance and supports both serial and parallel execution. Particular attention has been paid to the provision of powerful and flexible random number generation and timestepping functionality.

The package is extensively documented, including numerous detailed examples that showcase the functionality across a diverse range of applications including demography, finance, physics and ecology.
The package is extensively documented, including numerous detailed examples that showcase the functionality across a diverse range of applications including demography, finance, physics, and ecology.

It is available through the standard Python repositories (PyPI, conda-forge) and also as a Docker image.

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The framework is comprehensively documented [@smith_neworder_2021] and specifically provides detailed examples that are translations of MODGEN models from @belanger_microsimulation_2017 and Statistics Canada [@government_of_canada_general_2009, @government_of_canada_modgen_2009], demonstrating how *neworder* implementations can be both simpler and more performant (see the Mortality example in the documentation).

Part of the design ethos is not to reinvent the wheel and leverage the huge range of statistical functions in packages like *numpy* and *scipy*. However, functions are provided where there is a useful niche function or a major efficiency gain to be had. An example of the former are methods provided to sample extremely efficiently from non-homogeneous Poisson processes using the Lewis-Shedler algorithm [@lewis_simulation_1979], and the ability to perform Markov transitions *in situ* in a pandas dataframe, both of which result in at least a factor-of-ten performance gain.
Part of the design ethos is not to reinvent the wheel and to leverage the huge range of statistical functions in packages like *numpy* and *scipy*. However, functions are provided where there is a useful niche function or a major efficiency gain to be had. An example of the former are methods provided to sample extremely efficiently from non-homogeneous Poisson processes using the Lewis-Shedler algorithm [@lewis_simulation_1979], and the ability to perform Markov transitions *in situ* in a pandas dataframe, both of which result in at least a factor-of-ten performance gain.

![Sampling mortality: "Discrete" samples repeatedly at 1 year intervals, "Continuous" uses the Lewis-Shedler algorithm to sample the entire curve, with a tenfold performance improvement.\label{fig:mortality-example}](mortality-100k.png)

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