CI: Remove deprecated macos12 runner and add macos13 and macos15 #4796

Job	Run time
ci (ubuntu-20.04, gcc, g++, true, true, false, true, 22, Release)	23m 12s
ci (ubuntu-20.04, gcc, g++, true, true, false, true, 22, Debug)	19m 24s
ci (ubuntu-20.04, clang, clang++, true, true, true, true, 22, Release)	29m 42s
ci (ubuntu-20.04, clang, clang++, true, true, true, true, 22, Debug)	23m 15s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, g++, true, false, true, 22, Release)	21m 36s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, gcc, g++, true, false, true, 22, Debug)	16m 27s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, clang, clang++, true, true, true, 22, Release)	32m 15s
ci (ubuntu-22.04, clang, clang++, true, true, true, 22, Debug)	25m 19s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, gcc, g++, true, true, false, true, 22, Release)	24m 5s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, gcc, g++, true, true, false, true, 22, Debug)	19m 23s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, clang, clang++, true, true, true, true, 22, Release)	33m 49s
ci (ubuntu-24.04, clang, clang++, true, true, true, true, 22, Debug)	28m 7s
ci (macos-13, gcc, g++, true, false, false, false, 22, Release)	12m 36s
ci (macos-13, gcc, g++, true, false, false, false, 22, Debug)	13m 37s
ci (macos-14, clang, clang++, false, false, false, true, 22, Release)	4m 11s
ci (macos-14, clang, clang++, false, false, false, true, 22, Debug)	5m 36s
ci (macos-15, clang, clang++, false, false, false, true, 22, Release)	4m 13s
ci (macos-15, clang, clang++, false, false, false, true, 22, Debug)	4m 1s
ci (windows-2022, cl, cl, false, false, false, 22, Release)	7m 31s
ci (windows-2022, cl, cl, false, false, false, 22, Debug)	6m 11s
	5h 54m 30s

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