CheckConstraint now accepts any boolean expression since Django 3.1+ so this can now be expressed using RawSQL.

CheckConstraint(
    check=RawSQL(
        'non_null_count(amount::integer , amount_off::integer, percentage::integer) = 1',
        output_field=models.BooleanField(),
     )
)

Or event Func, Cast, and Exact.

non_null_count = Func(
  Cast(
    'amount', models.IntegerField(),
  ),
  Cast(
    'amount_off', models.IntegerField(),
  ), 
  Cast(
    'percentage', models.IntegerField(),
  ), 
  function='non_null_count',
)

CheckConstraint(
    check=Exact(non_null_count, 1),
)

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django-check-constraint

Extends Django's Check constraint with support for UDF(User defined functions/db functions) and annotations.

Installation

$ pip install django-check-constraint

ADD check_constraint to list of INSTALLED APPS.

INSTALLED_APPS = [
  ...
  "check_constraint",
  ...
]

Scenario:

Suppose you have a database function that returns the counts of null values in [i, ...n].

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.non_null_count(VARIADIC arg_array ANYARRAY)
  RETURNS BIGINT AS
  $$
    SELECT COUNT(x) FROM UNNEST($1) AS x
  $$ LANGUAGE SQL IMMUTABLE;

Example:

SELECT public.non_null_count(1, null, null);

Outputs:

non_null_count
----------------
              1
(1 row)

Defining a check constraint with this function

The equivalent of (PostgresSQL)

ALTER TABLE app_name_test_modoel ADD CONSTRAINT app_name_test_model_optional_field_provided
    CHECK(non_null_count(amount::integer , amount_off::integer, percentage::integer) = 1);

Usage

Converting this to django functions and annotated check contraints can be done using:

function.py

from django.db.models import Func, SmallIntegerField, TextField
from django.db.models.functions import Cast


class NotNullCount(Func):
    function = 'non_null_count'

    def __init__(self, *expressions, **extra):
        filter_exp = [
            Cast(exp, TextField()) for exp in expressions if isinstance(exp, str)
        ]
        if 'output_field' not in extra:
            extra['output_field'] = SmallIntegerField()

        if len(expressions) < 2:
            raise ValueError('NotNullCount must take at least two expressions')

        super().__init__(*filter_exp, **extra)

Creating annotated check constraints

from django.db import models
from django.db.models import Q
from check_constraint.models import AnnotatedCheckConstraint

class TestModel(models.Model):
    amount = models.DecimalField(max_digits=9, decimal_places=2, null=True, blank=True)
    amount_off = models.DecimalField(max_digits=7, decimal_places=2, null=True, blank=True)
    percentage = models.DecimalField(max_digits=3, decimal_places=0, null=True, blank=True)


    class Meta:
        constraints = [
            AnnotatedCheckConstraint(
                check=Q(not_null_count=1),
                annotations={
                    'not_null_count': (
                        NotNullCount(
                            'amount',
                            'amount_off',
                            'percentage',
                        )
                    ),
                },
                name='%(app_label)s_%(class)s_optional_field_provided', #  For Django>=3.0
                model='myapp.TestModel', #  To take advantage of name subsitution above add app_name.Model for Django<3.0.  
            ),
        ]

TODO's

Add support for schema based functions.
Add warning about mysql lack of user defined check constraint support.
Remove skipped sqlite3 test.

License

tj-django/django-check-constraint

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