Optimize zero-sized allocation by aykevl · Pull Request #5420 · tinygo-org/tinygo

aykevl · 2026-05-25T16:58:40Z

Instead of referring to an unused global, use a constant value. This is safe even when using -gc=none (since no actual memory gets allocated) which wasn't the case before. It should also reduce binary size by a few bytes for most programs.

The first two commits are pure refactors and should not affect any programs.

Inspired by #5417, which fixes some of these allocations in a different way.

This refactor makes no other changes.

See the next commit, where this makes more sense.

github-actions · 2026-05-25T17:24:40Z

Size difference with the dev branch:

Binary size difference

not the same command!
    tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-rp2040 ./examples/adafruit4650
    go: downloading tinygo.org/x/tinyfont v0.3.0
not the same command!
    tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pico ./examples/tmc5160/main.go
    go: downloading golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20241204233417-43b7b7cde48d
not the same command!
    tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=nano-rp2040 -stack-size 8kb ./examples/net/websocket/dial/
    go: downloading golang.org/x/net v0.33.0
not the same command!
    tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=nano-rp2040 -stack-size 8kb ./examples/net/mqttclient/natiu/
    go: downloading github.com/soypat/natiu-mqtt v0.5.1
not the same command!
    tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=wioterminal -stack-size 8kb ./examples/net/mqttclient/paho/
    go: downloading github.com/eclipse/paho.mqtt.golang v1.2.0
 flash                          ram
 before   after   diff          before   after   diff
  37404   37376    -28  -0.07%    6604    6596     -8  -0.12% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-rp2040 ./examples/pcf8523/
  11720   11692    -28  -0.24%    5968    5960     -8  -0.13% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.uf2 -target=pico ./examples/scd4x/main.go
  22680   22652    -28  -0.12%    7268    7260     -8  -0.11% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pico ./examples/w5500/main.go
  62780   62756    -24  -0.04%    6296    6288     -8  -0.13% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-nrf52840 ./examples/is31fl3731/main.go
 120160  120136    -24  -0.02%   12516   12508     -8  -0.06% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=elecrow-rp2350 -stack-size 8kb ./examples/net/ntpclient/
  62520   62504    -16  -0.03%    6332    6324     -8  -0.13% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-nrf52840 ./examples/max6675/main.go
 103740  103724    -16  -0.02%   10408   10400     -8  -0.08% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=metro-m4-airlift -stack-size 8kb ./examples/net/socket/
 396524  396508    -16  -0.00%   19420   19420      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=matrixportal-m4 -stack-size 8kb ./examples/net/webstatic/
 345076  345060    -16  -0.00%   22468   22468      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=wioterminal -stack-size 8kb ./examples/net/webserver/
 346316  346300    -16  -0.00%   22440   22440      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=wioterminal -stack-size 8kb ./examples/net/mqttclient/paho/
  23892   23884     -8  -0.03%    5952    5952      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=metro-rp2350 ./examples/bno08x/i2c/main.go
  57420   57412     -8  -0.01%    3672    3672      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/sht3x/main.go
  12268   12260     -8  -0.07%    5120    5120      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=trinket-m0 ./examples/veml6070/main.go
 353292  353284     -8  -0.00%   17376   17376      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal -stack-size 8kb ./examples/net/http-get/
 167088  167080     -8  -0.00%   10432   10424     -8  -0.08% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=arduino-mkrwifi1010 -stack-size 8kb ./examples/net/tlsclient/
   5510    5504     -6  -0.11%    8918    8918      0   0.00% '-xesppie' is not a recognized feature for this target (ignoring feature)
   7032    7028     -4  -0.06%    2256    2256      0   0.00% '-xesppie' is not a recognized feature for this target (ignoring feature)
  18308   18308      0   0.00%    6784    6784      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-rp2040 ./examples/adafruit4650
  61840   61840      0   0.00%    6528    6528      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/adt7410/main.go
   8764    8764      0   0.00%    5088    5088      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/adxl345/main.go
  13636   13636      0   0.00%    7136    7136      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pybadge ./examples/amg88xx
   8924    8924      0   0.00%    5088    5088      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/apa102/main.go
  11372   11372      0   0.00%    6928    6920     -8  -0.12% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=nano-33-ble ./examples/apds9960/proximity/main.go
   9828    9828      0   0.00%    5108    5108      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/apa102/itsybitsy-m0/main.go
   7356    7356      0   0.00%    2296    2296      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/at24cx/main.go
   8008    8008      0   0.00%    5080    5080      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/bh1750/main.go
   7368    7368      0   0.00%    5080    5080      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/blinkm/main.go
  71612   71612      0   0.00%    3640    3640      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pinetime     ./examples/bma42x/main.go
  65724   65724      0   0.00%    6544    6544      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/bmi160/main.go
  27664   27664      0   0.00%    5120    5120      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/bmp180/main.go
  64396   64396      0   0.00%    6568    6568      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/bmp280/main.go
  11816   11816      0   0.00%    5152    5152      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=trinket-m0 ./examples/bmp388/main.go
   7720    7720      0   0.00%    3336    3336      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=bluepill ./examples/ds1307/sram/main.go
  21604   21604      0   0.00%    3532    3532      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=bluepill ./examples/ds1307/time/main.go
  29080   29080      0   0.00%    5316    5316      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/ds3231/alarms/main.go
  42956   42956      0   0.00%    5316    5316      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/ds3231/basic/main.go
   4400    4400      0   0.00%    2256    2256      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/easystepper/main.go
  70472   70472      0   0.00%    7328    7328      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/flash/console/spi
  66832   66832      0   0.00%    9368    9368      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal ./examples/flash/console/qspi
   7068    7068      0   0.00%    2260    2260      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/gc9a01/main.go
  67636   67636      0   0.00%    6704    6704      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-m0 ./examples/gps/i2c/main.go
  68336   68336      0   0.00%    6852    6852      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-m0 ./examples/gps/uart/main.go
   8420    8420      0   0.00%    5080    5080      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/hcsr04/main.go
   5528    5528      0   0.00%    2256    2256      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/hd44780/customchar/main.go
   5568    5568      0   0.00%    2256    2256      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/hd44780/text/main.go
  10376   10376      0   0.00%    5088    5088      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=arduino-nano33 ./examples/hd44780i2c/main.go
  14248   14248      0   0.00%    6928    6920     -8  -0.12% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=nano-33-ble ./examples/hts221/main.go
  15980   15980      0   0.00%    2340    2340      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/hub75/main.go
  10156   10156      0   0.00%    7264    7264      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal ./examples/ili9341/basic
  11144   11144      0   0.00%    5224    5224      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=xiao ./examples/ili9341/basic
  29436   29436      0   0.00%   38424   38424      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal ./examples/ili9341/pyportal_boing
  10188   10188      0   0.00%    7256    7256      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal ./examples/ili9341/scroll
  11224   11224      0   0.00%    5216    5216      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=xiao ./examples/ili9341/scroll
 263400  263400      0   0.00%   47108   47108      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal ./examples/ili9341/slideshow
  10472   10472      0   0.00%    5120    5120      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=circuitplay-express ./examples/lis3dh/main.go
  13632   13632      0   0.00%    6928    6920     -8  -0.12% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=nano-33-ble ./examples/lps22hb/main.go
  26188   26188      0   0.00%    2304    2304      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/lsm303agr/main.go
  27860   27860      0   0.00%    7168    7168      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-m4 ./examples/lsm303dlhc/main.go
  12312   12312      0   0.00%    5128    5128      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=arduino-nano33 ./examples/lsm6ds3/main.go
  10020   10020      0   0.00%    5080    5080      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/mag3110/main.go
   8984    8984      0   0.00%    5120    5120      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/mcp23017/main.go
   9416    9416      0   0.00%    5128    5128      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/mcp23017-multiple/main.go
   9440    9440      0   0.00%    5088    5088      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/mcp3008/main.go
  71852   71852      0   0.00%    6584    6584      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/mcp2515/main.go
  27572   27572      0   0.00%    3808    3808      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/microbitmatrix/main.go
  27492   27492      0   0.00%    5852    5852      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit-v2 ./examples/microbitmatrix/main.go
   7464    7464      0   0.00%    5088    5088      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/mma8653/main.go
   7368    7368      0   0.00%    5080    5080      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=itsybitsy-m0 ./examples/mpu6050/main.go
  76572   76572      0   0.00%    7804    7804      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=p1am-100 ./examples/p1am/main.go
  13680   13680      0   0.00%    5964    5964      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pico ./examples/pca9685/main.go
   6244    6244      0   0.00%    3268    3268      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/pcd8544/setbuffer/main.go
   4628    4628      0   0.00%    2260    2260      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/pcd8544/setpixel/main.go
  11792   11792      0   0.00%    5940    5940      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=feather-rp2040 ./examples/seesaw/soil-sensor
  13096   13096      0   0.00%    5948    5948      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=qtpy-rp2040 ./examples/seesaw/rotary-encoder
   3113    3113      0   0.00%     560     560      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=arduino ./examples/servo
  15264   15264      0   0.00%    6012    6012      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pico     ./examples/sgp30
   7988    7988      0   0.00%    7128    7128      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pybadge ./examples/shifter/main.go
  57412   57412      0   0.00%    3680    3680      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/sht4x/main.go
  57420   57420      0   0.00%    3672    3672      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/shtc3/main.go
  12344   12344      0   0.00%    8712    8712      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=xiao-ble ./examples/ssd1306/
  13004   13004      0   0.00%    5892    5892      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=xiao-rp2040 ./examples/ssd1306/
  13092   13092      0   0.00%    5892    5892      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=thumby ./examples/ssd1306/
   5896    5896      0   0.00%    2260    2260      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/ssd1331/main.go
   6808    6808      0   0.00%    2260    2260      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=microbit ./examples/st7735/main.go
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  16784   16784      0   0.00%    5080    5080      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=circuitplay-express ./examples/thermistor/main.go
   9640    9640      0   0.00%    4880    4880      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=circuitplay-bluefruit ./examples/tone
  10136   10136      0   0.00%    5080    5080      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=arduino-nano33 ./examples/tm1637/main.go
  12312   12312      0   0.00%    5952    5952      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pico ./examples/touch/capacitive
   8816    8816      0   0.00%    7128    7128      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal ./examples/touch/resistive/fourwire/main.go
  12348   12348      0   0.00%    7324    7324      0   0.00% tinygo build -size short -o ./build/test.hex -target=pyportal ./examples/touch/resistive/pyportal_touchpaint/main.go
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aykevl · 2026-05-26T12:52:17Z

Fixed a few issues. Unfortunately CI appears to be down right now :(

Specifically:

Fixed Nintendo Switch support
Changed WebAssembly support, I'm not entirely comfortable with picking 0xfffffff0 like I did before.

deadprogram · 2026-05-28T06:55:13Z

@aykevl I think this is actual error here, please take a look:
https://github.com/tinygo-org/tinygo/actions/runs/26448825688/job/78147578317?pr=5420#step:17:67

Instead of referring to an unused global, use a constant value. This is safe even when using `-gc=none` (since no actual memory gets allocated) which wasn't the case before. It should also reduce binary size by a few bytes for most programs.

aykevl · 2026-05-28T09:42:34Z

@deadprogram thanks, should be fixed now!

aykevl added 2 commits May 25, 2026 18:21

compiler: refactor runtime.alloc call

6b9ab7b

This refactor makes no other changes.

runtime: move alloc_noheap call (pure refactor)

d8a21ed

See the next commit, where this makes more sense.

aykevl force-pushed the compiler-alloc-nil branch from 85ca25e to 7a256dc Compare May 25, 2026 17:06

soypat approved these changes May 25, 2026

View reviewed changes

aykevl force-pushed the compiler-alloc-nil branch from 7a256dc to b86e2e8 Compare May 26, 2026 12:45

aykevl force-pushed the compiler-alloc-nil branch from b86e2e8 to 8ae64a0 Compare May 28, 2026 09:42

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Optimize zero-sized allocation#5420

Optimize zero-sized allocation#5420
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