Add doc for running Ruxos on Raspi4

syswonder · Mar 17, 2024 · 8f8c3a3 · 8f8c3a3
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diff --git a/src/chap05/Raspi4.md b/src/chap05/Raspi4.md
@@ -1 +1,163 @@
 # Raspi4
+移植Ruxos到树莓派上与移植Arceos到树莓派上的流大体上一致，只是有些细节不同。本文还包括了一些可能出现的问题以及解决方案。（可参考文章[https://report.syswonder.org/#/2023/20230601_Raspi4-debug-with-jtag](https://report.syswonder.org/#/2023/20230601_Raspi4-debug-with-jtag)）
+
+所需要的硬件：
+- 树莓派以及SD卡
+- usb转串口模块
+- JTAG调试器（debug需要用到，只是运行则不需要），调试部分可参考上面提到的文章。
+#### 步骤一：烧录好SD卡
+给 sd 卡分一个 FAT32 的 boot 区，然后放入启动所需要的文件:
+
+- 下载以下三个文件：`bcm2711-rpi-4-b.dtb`，`start4.elf`，`fixup4.dat`。下载地址：[https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/tree/master/boot](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/tree/master/boot)
+- 基本启动镜像`kernel8.img`。首先clone `rust-raspberrypi-OS-tutorials`（ [https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-raspberrypi-OS-tutorials](https://github.com/rust-embedded/rust-raspberrypi-OS-tutorials)）到本地，然后进入`06_uart_chainloader`文件夹，运行`make BSP=rpi4` 即可在文件夹内生成一个`kernel8.img`。
+- 配置文件`config.txt`,该配置文件是用于正确设置启动选项，内容为：
+```bash
+arm_64bit=1
+init_uart_clock=48000000
+enable_jtag_gpio=1
+device_tree_address=0x03000000
+
+```
+#### 步骤二：串口模块连接上树莓派，并运行
+
+- 按照以下图片接线:
+ ![serial-connect](img/serial-connect.jpg)
+- 进入Ruxos目录，运行命令：`make ARCH=aarch64 PLATFORM=aarch64-raspi4 chainboot`
+- 如果正常则终端会输出：
+```bash
+Minipush 1.0
+
+[MP] ✅ Serial connected
+[MP] 🔌 Please power the target now
+
+```
+
+- 此时给树莓派上电，结果如下：
+```bash
+ __  __ _      _ _                 _
+|  \/  (_)_ _ (_) |   ___  __ _ __| |
+| |\/| | | ' \| | |__/ _ \/ _` / _` |
+|_|  |_|_|_||_|_|____\___/\__,_\__,_|
+
+           Raspberry Pi 4            
+
+[ML] Requesting binary
+[MP] ⏩ Pushing 64 KiB =========================================🦀 100% 0 KiB/s Time: 00:00:00
+[ML] Loaded! Executing the payload now
+
+8888888b.                     .d88888b.   .d8888b.  
+888   Y88b                   d88P" "Y88b d88P  Y88b 
+888    888                   888     888 Y88b.      
+888   d88P 888  888 888  888 888     888  "Y888b.   
+8888888P"  888  888 `Y8bd8P' 888     888     "Y88b. 
+888 T88b   888  888   X88K   888     888       "888 
+888  T88b  Y88b 888 .d8""8b. Y88b. .d88P Y88b  d88P 
+888   T88b  "Y88888 888  888  "Y88888P"   "Y8888P" 
+
+arch = aarch64
+platform = aarch64-raspi4
+target = aarch64-unknown-none-softfloat
+smp = 1
+build_mode = release
+log_level = warn
+
+Hello, C app!
+```
+#### 步骤三：运行Ruxos并使用SD卡驱动：
+
+- 进入Ruxos目录下，运行命令：`make ARCH=aarch64 PLATFORM=aarch64-raspi4 A=apps/fs/shell FEATURES=driver-bcm2835-sdhci chainboot`
+- 和步骤二类似，再看到开机提示后给树莓派上电，结果如下：
+```bash
+Minipush 1.0
+
+[MP] ✅ Serial connected
+[MP] 🔌 Please power the target now
+
+ __  __ _      _ _                 _
+|  \/  (_)_ _ (_) |   ___  __ _ __| |
+| |\/| | | ' \| | |__/ _ \/ _` / _` |
+|_|  |_|_|_||_|_|____\___/\__,_\__,_|
+
+           Raspberry Pi 4            
+
+[ML] Requesting binary
+[MP] ⏩ Pushing 256 KiB ======================================🦀 100% 128 KiB/s Time: 00:00:02
+[ML] Loaded! Executing the payload now
+
+8888888b.                     .d88888b.   .d8888b.  
+888   Y88b                   d88P" "Y88b d88P  Y88b 
+888    888                   888     888 Y88b.      
+888   d88P 888  888 888  888 888     888  "Y888b.   
+8888888P"  888  888 `Y8bd8P' 888     888     "Y88b. 
+888 T88b   888  888   X88K   888     888       "888 
+888  T88b  Y88b 888 .d8""8b. Y88b. .d88P Y88b  d88P 
+888   T88b  "Y88888 888  888  "Y88888P"   "Y8888P" 
+
+arch = aarch64
+platform = aarch64-raspi4
+target = aarch64-unknown-none-softfloat
+smp = 1
+build_mode = release
+log_level = warn
+
+Available commands:
+  cat
+  cd
+  echo
+  exit
+  help
+  ls
+  mkdir
+  pwd
+  rm
+  uname
+ruxos:/$ ls
+drwxr-xr-x      512 .Trash-1000
+drwxr-xr-x      512 System Volume Information
+-rwxr-xr-x    52593 bcm2711-rpi-4-b.dtb
+-rwxr-xr-x       86 config.txt
+drwxr-xr-x     4096 dev
+drwxr-xr-x     4096 etc
+-rwxr-xr-x     5397 fixup4.dat
+drwxr-xr-x      512 hello
+-rwxr-xr-x     8688 kernel8.img
+drwxr-xr-x     4096 proc
+-rwxr-xr-x  2251488 start4.elf
+drwxr-xr-x     4096 sys
+drwxr-xr-x     4096 tmp
+ruxos:/$ 
+```
+
+#### 可能出现的问题：
+##### 串口设备异常：
+串口设备设置不正确时会一直卡在：
+```bash
+Minipush 1.0
+
+[MP] ⏳ Waiting for /dev/ttyUSB0
+```
+- 在linux系统里可以通过`ls /dev`来显示所有外设，可以观察插上usb转ttl模块后，是否有名为ttyUSB0的设备（这是默认usb设备名称，也是后续我们写死在makefile里的名称）。如果没有该设备，可能是驱动没安装上。可以参考该文章来安装驱动 [https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43790050/article/details/131362540](https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43790050/article/details/131362540)
+- 如果想要验证串口设备是否正常，可以将TX和RX连接上，然后发送信息。如果串口设备是正常的，则每发送一条信息就会收到一条同样的信息
+##### SD卡驱动的问题：
+Ruxos现在实现了解析设备树，但是与qemu不同，树莓派不会将dtb文件的指针放在某个寄存器上，于是只能通过相关设置，来固定dtb文件的位置。在`config.txt`中`device_tree_address=0x03000000`指定了dtb文件的物理地址。在`modules/ruxhal/src/platform/aarch64_raspi/mod.rs`中，修改`rust_entry`函数，即启动时默认从`0x03000000`地址来初始化设备树。
+```rust
+pub(crate) unsafe extern "C" fn rust_entry(cpu_id: usize) {
+    crate::mem::clear_bss();
+    crate::arch::set_exception_vector_base(exception_vector_base as usize);
+    crate::arch::write_page_table_root0(0.into()); // disable low address access
+    //Set the physical address of the dtb file to 0x03000000 in config.txt
+    unsafe {
+        dtb::init(crate::mem::phys_to_virt(0x03000000.into()).as_ptr());
+    }
+    crate::cpu::init_primary(cpu_id);
+    super::aarch64_common::pl011::init_early();
+    super::aarch64_common::generic_timer::init_early();
+    rust_main(cpu_id, 0x03000000);
+}
+```
+##### docker报错 var/run/docker.sock 权限不够:
+运行以下两行命令即可
+```bash
+cd /
+sudo chmod 666 var/run/docker.sock
+```
diff --git a/src/chap05/img/serial-connect.jpg b/src/chap05/img/serial-connect.jpg