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Add ray nomenclature of crustal phases #12

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29 changes: 29 additions & 0 deletions source/ray-theory-travel-times/ray-nomenclature/crustal-phases.rst
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地壳震相
========
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地球洋壳的厚度一般是 6 km,陆壳厚度一般是 30—50 km。地壳和地幔之间存在地震波速度
陡升的一级不连续面,即 Moho 面。因此,在地壳不同深度的震源会在不同震中距处会产生射线路径
不同的地震震相。

- **Pg**:在近场,上地壳震源产生的上行 P 波或在上地壳折返的 P 波。也可表示在更大震中距处,
整个地壳内部多次 P 波混响产生的震相,群速度约为 5.8 km/s。
- **Pb**:也叫 P*,下地壳震源产生的上行 P 波或在下地壳折返的 P 波。
- **PmP**:Moho 不连续面的上界面反射 P 波
- **Pn**:在上地幔顶部折返的任何 P 波或上地幔顶部震源产生的上行 P 波

- **Sg**:在近场,上地壳震源产生的上行 S 波或在上地壳折返的 S 波。也可表示在更大震中距处,
整个地壳内部多次 S 波混响与 SV-P 和/或 P-SV 转换的叠加而产生的震相。
- **Sb**:也称 S*,下地壳震源产生的上行 S 波或在下地壳折返的 S 波。
- **SmS**:Moho 不连续面的上界面反射 S 波
- **Sn**:在上地幔顶部折返的任何 S 波或上地幔顶部震源产生的上行 S 波

- **Lg**:在较大的区域距离处,由整个地壳内部多次 S 波混响与 SV-P 和/或 P-SV 转换的叠加而产生的波群。
最大能量的群速度大约是 3.5 km/s。
- **Rg**: 短周期地壳瑞利波

.. figure:: crustal-phase-raypaths.jpg
:alt: 常见地壳震相的几何路径
:width: 60.0%
:align: center

在局部和区域震中距(0°~20°)处,双层地壳模型中常见地壳震相的射线路径。
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(a)震源位于上地壳;(b)震源位于下地壳;(c)震源位于上地幔顶部。
图片来自 *New Manual of Seismological Observatory Practice (第二版)* 的
Information Sheet 2.1 的图 1
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############


参考文档
--------

- `IASPEI standard phase list <http://www.isc.ac.uk/standards/phases/>`__
- `The IASPEI standard nomenclature of seismic phases <https://gfzpublic.gfz-potsdam.de/rest/items/item_152435/component/file_152589/content>`__

.. toctree::
:hidden:

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