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| # Differences with Ethereum | ||
| ## Opcode Differences | ||
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| ### PREVRANDAO | ||
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| Since Sei doesn’t rely on the same pseudo-randomness way of determining the next validator like PoS Ethereum does, it doesn’t really have the `RANDOM` artifact that can be set as `PREVRANDO`'s return value. In Sei `PREVRANDAO` is set to return the hash of the current block time. For strong randomness guarantee needs in contracts logic, it’s advised to use external verifiable oracles (as is advised on Ethereum itself) | ||
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| ### COINBASE | ||
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| Coinbase address on Sei is always sets to (the EVM address of) the global fee collector. | ||
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| ## State Root | ||
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| Since Sei uses AVL-tree instead of MPT for data storage, Sei doesn’t have per-account state root. The global state root is the AVL-tree root which is also not equivalent to Ethereum’s overall state root (which is a MPT root) | ||
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| ## Block Hash | ||
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| Block hash on Sei is computed based on block header in Tendermint data format, and as a result is different than Ethereum’s block Hash | ||
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| ## Base Fee & Tips | ||
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| Sei supports all transaction types. However Sei does not fluctuate base fee based on block congestion. In fact base fee will always be 0 on Sei, meaning all fees will go to the validators (i.e. tips) and none will be burnt. | ||
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| ## Block Limit | ||
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| Sei has a gas limit of 10M on pacific-1, compared to Ethereum’s 30M. In addition, Sei also has a byte size limit of 21MB, whereas Ethereum doesn’t have byte-denominated limits. | ||
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| ## Non-EVM Transactions | ||
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| On Sei there exists non-EVM transactions which may update states accessible by EVM transactions. Simplest example would be bank balances, which may be updated by both native Cosmos bank send transactions and EVM send transactions. As a result, if certain offchain applications only parse EVM transactions, they may find certain state changes unattributable to any EVM transaction. | ||
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| ## Finality | ||
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| Sei has instant finality, meaning that commitment levels of “safe”, “latest”, “justified”, and “finalized” on Ethereum are all the same thing on Sei. | ||
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| ## Pending State | ||
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| On Ethereum the block proposer would execute its proposed block first (and update its local state) before broadcasting the proposal to others (the updated state would be marked “pending” until the node is accepted by other nodes), whereas on Sei the block proposer would broadcast first and only execute the proposal if it’s accepted (i.e. every node would execute the block at roughly the same time), so Sei does not really have a window when “pending state” exists. | ||
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| ## EIP-4788 | ||
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| On Ethereum, the Consensus Layer (CL) block root is published to the Execution Layer (EL) to give verifiable CL state to apps that rely on CL state without going through a third-party oracle. On Sei, we will instead rely on the staking precompile to give smart contracts access to state of the CL. The EL can stake, delegate, undelegate, and read CL state using the staking precompile. |
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| # EVM RPC Endpoints | ||
| Below is a list of EVM-RPC endpoints provided by default on a Sei RPC node. Your RPC provider may offer slightly different/extended specifications. | ||
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| All endpoints are in the form of JSON-RPC and share the following request/response structure: | ||
| - request | ||
| - HTTP method: always "GET" | ||
| - header: `accept: application/json` | ||
| - header: `content-type: application/json` | ||
| - body (JSON): | ||
| - id: an arbitrary string identifier | ||
| - jsonrpc: always "2.0" | ||
| - method: endpoint name (e.g. "eth_sendRawTransaction") | ||
| - params: an array that differs from endpoint to endpoint | ||
| - response | ||
| - body (JSON): | ||
| - id: the same identifier in request | ||
| - jsonrpc: always "2.0" | ||
| - result: an object that differs from endpoint to endpoint | ||
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| ## Send Transactions | ||
| ### eth_sendRawTransaction | ||
| Sends a signed transaction. | ||
| - param 1: string | hex-encoding of the signed transaction | ||
| - result: string | transaction hash | ||
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| ### sei_associate | ||
| Sends a transaction to establish association between the signer's Sei address and EVM address on-chain | ||
| - param 1: object | ||
| - custom_message: any string message | ||
| - r: the R-part of the signature over the Keccak256 hash of the custom message | ||
| - s: the S-part of the signature over the Keccak256 hash of the custom message | ||
| - v: the V-part of the signature over the Keccak256 hash of the custom message | ||
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| ## Transaction Lookup | ||
| ### eth_getTransactionReceipt | ||
| Gets the receipt of a sent transaction | ||
| - param 1: string | transaction hash | ||
| - result: object | [receipt object](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_gettransactionreceipt) | ||
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| ### eth_getTransactionByBlockNumberAndIndex | ||
| Gets transaction by the block number and the index of the transaction in the block | ||
| - param 1: string | block number, which can either be a hexadecimal number, or one of "safe", "finalized", "latest", or "earliest". Note that "safe", "finalized", and "latest" mean the same thing on Sei due to its instant finality. | ||
| - param 2: string | transaction index as a hexadecimal number | ||
| - result: object | [transaction details](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_gettransactionbyhash) | ||
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| ### eth_getTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex | ||
| Gets transaction by the block hash and the index of the transaction in the block | ||
| - param 1: string | block hash | ||
| - param 2: string | transaction index as a hexadecimal number | ||
| - result: object | [transaction details](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_gettransactionbyhash) | ||
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| ### eth_getTransactionByHash | ||
| Gets transaction by the transaction hash | ||
| - param 1: string | transaction hash | ||
| - result: object | [transaction details](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_gettransactionbyhash) | ||
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| ## Account Information | ||
| ### eth_getTransactionCount | ||
| Gets the number of transactions sent by the account | ||
| - param 1: string | address | ||
| - param 2: string | block number or hash, which can be one of 1. block hash, 2. hexadecimal block number, 3. one of "safe", "finalized", "latest", "pending", or "earliest". Note that "safe", "finalized", and "latest" mean the same thing on Sei due to its instant finality. | ||
| - result: string | hexadecimal form of the number of transactions | ||
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| ### eth_getBalance | ||
| Gets the balance in wei (i.e. 10^-12 usei) of the account | ||
| - param 1: string | address | ||
| - param 2: string | block number or hash, which can be one of 1. block hash, 2. hexadecimal block number, 3. one of "safe", "finalized", "latest", "pending", or "earliest". Note that "safe", "finalized", and "latest" mean the same thing on Sei due to its instant finality. | ||
| - result: string | hexadecimal form of the wei balance | ||
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| ### eth_getCode | ||
| Gets EVM code stored at the account address | ||
| - param 1: string | address | ||
| - param 2: string | block number or hash, which can be one of 1. block hash, 2. hexadecimal block number, 3. one of "safe", "finalized", "latest", "pending", or "earliest". Note that "safe", "finalized", and "latest" mean the same thing on Sei due to its instant finality. | ||
| - result: string | hexadecimal form of the code binary | ||
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| ### eth_getStorageAt | ||
| Gets value at given key of the account | ||
| - param 1: string | address | ||
| - param 2: string | hexadecimal form of the key | ||
| - param 3: string | block number or hash, which can be one of 1. block hash, 2. hexadecimal block number, 3. one of "safe", "finalized", "latest", "pending", or "earliest". Note that "safe", "finalized", and "latest" mean the same thing on Sei due to its instant finality. | ||
| - result: string | hexadecimal form of the storage value | ||
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| ### eth_getProof | ||
| Gets the IAVL proof (note: not a MPT proof) of the given keys for an account | ||
| - param 1: string | address | ||
| - param 2: array of string | hexadecimal form of the keys | ||
| - param 3: string | block number or hash, which can be one of 1. block hash, 2. hexadecimal block number, 3. one of "safe", "finalized", "latest", "pending", or "earliest". Note that "safe", "finalized", and "latest" mean the same thing on Sei due to its instant finality. | ||
| - result: object | ||
| - address - the requested address | ||
| - hexValues - an array of the hexdecimal form of the values at the given keys | ||
| - storageProof - an array of storage proofs, each of which follows this [format](https://github.com/sei-protocol/sei-tendermint/blob/main/proto/tendermint/crypto/proof.pb.go#L272-L274) | ||
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| ## Block Information | ||
| ### eth_getBlockTransactionCountByNumber | ||
| Gets the count of EVM transactions (i.e. excluding native Cosmos transactions) in a block by its number | ||
| - param 1: string | block number, which can either be a hexadecimal number, or one of "safe", "finalized", "latest", or "earliest". Note that "safe", "finalized", and "latest" mean the same thing on Sei due to its instant finality. | ||
| - result: string | hexadecimal form of the count | ||
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| ### eth_getBlockTransactionCountByHash | ||
| Gets the count of EVM transactions (i.e. excluding native Cosmos transactions) in a block by its hash | ||
| - param 1: string | block hash | ||
| - result: string | hexadecimal form of the count | ||
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| ### eth_getBlockByHash | ||
| Gets the block metadata and/or its EVM transactions by block hash | ||
| - param 1: string | block hash | ||
| - param 2: bool | whether to include transactions in the response | ||
| - result: object | [block info](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getblockbyhash) | ||
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| ### eth_getBlockByNumber | ||
| Gets the block metadata and/or its EVM transactions by block number | ||
| - param 1: string | block number, which can either be a hexadecimal number, or one of "safe", "finalized", "latest", or "earliest". Note that "safe", "finalized", and "latest" mean the same thing on Sei due to its instant finality. | ||
| - param 2: bool | whether to include transactions in the response | ||
| - result: object | [block info](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getblockbyhash) | ||
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| ### eth_getBlockReceipts | ||
| Gets an array of EVM transaction receipt in a block by block number | ||
| - param 1: string | block number, which can either be a hexadecimal number, or one of "safe", "finalized", "latest", or "earliest". Note that "safe", "finalized", and "latest" mean the same thing on Sei due to its instant finality. | ||
| - result: array of objects | [receipt object](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_gettransactionreceipt) | ||
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| ## Blockchain Information | ||
| ### eth_blockNumber | ||
| Gets the latest committed block number | ||
| - no param | ||
| - result: string | hexadecimal form of the block number | ||
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| ### eth_chainId | ||
| Gets the chain ID | ||
| - no param | ||
| - result: string | hexadecimal form of the chain ID | ||
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| ### eth_coinbase | ||
| Gets the fee collector address | ||
| - no param | ||
| - result: string | fee collector address | ||
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| ### eth_feeHistory | ||
| Gets fee history over the requested block range | ||
| - param 1: string | number of blocks to look at, in either decimal or hexadecimal form | ||
| - param 2: string | block number, which can either be a hexadecimal number, or one of "safe", "finalized", or "latest". Note that "safe", "finalized", and "latest" mean the same thing on Sei due to its instant finality. | ||
| - param 3: array of floats | reward percentiles | ||
| - result: object | ||
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| ### eth_gasPrice | ||
| Gets the 50% percentile of gas prices in the most recent block | ||
| - no param | ||
| - result: string | hexadecimal form of the gas price | ||
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| ### net_version | ||
| Gets the version (equal to Chain ID) | ||
| - no param | ||
| - result: string | hexadecimal form of the chain ID | ||
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| ### web3_clientVersion | ||
| - no param | ||
| - result: string | the RPC node's runtime version | ||
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| ## Filter Endpoints | ||
| Note that log filters are subject to the following limits by default: | ||
| - 10000 logs in one response if block range is open-ended | ||
| - 2000 blocks to query over if block range is close-ended | ||
| Your RPC provider may tweak these limits. | ||
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| ### eth_newFilter | ||
| Creates a new log filter for later queries | ||
| - param 1: object | [filter criteria](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_newfilter) | ||
| - result: string | the newly created filter's ID | ||
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| ### eth_newBlockFilter | ||
| Creates a new block filter for later queries | ||
| - no param | ||
| - result: string | the newly created filter's ID | ||
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| ### eth_getFilterChanges | ||
| Gets all the updates since the filter was last queried | ||
| - param 1: string | filter ID | ||
| - result: array | for block filters, the result would be an array of block hashes; for log filters, the result would be an array of [log objects](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getfilterchanges) | ||
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| ### eth_getFilterLogs | ||
| Get all logs for a given log filter, including the logs that have been returned before | ||
| - param 1: string | filter ID | ||
| - result: array | an array of [log objects](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getfilterchanges) | ||
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| ### eth_getLogs | ||
| Get all logs for the given filter criteria | ||
| - param 1: object | [filter criteria](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_newfilter) | ||
| - result: array | an array of [log objects](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_getfilterchanges) | ||
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| ### eth_uninstallFilter | ||
| Removes a created filter | ||
| - param 1: string | filter ID | ||
| - result: bool | whether the filter exists | ||
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| ## Simulation Endpoints | ||
| ### eth_estimateGas | ||
| Same as [the official specification](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_estimategas) | ||
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| ### eth_call | ||
| Same as [the official specification](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/apis/json-rpc/#eth_call) | ||
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| ## Debugging Endpoints | ||
| ### debug_traceTransaction | ||
| Same as [Alchemy](https://docs.alchemy.com/reference/debug-tracetransaction) | ||
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| ### debug_traceBlockByNumber | ||
| Same as [Alchemy](https://docs.alchemy.com/reference/debug-traceblockbynumber) | ||
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| ### debug_traceBlockByHash | ||
| Same as [Alchemy](https://docs.alchemy.com/reference/debug-traceblockbyhash) |
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| # Interact with EVM on Sei via CLI | ||
| You can query or send transactions to Sei easily via CLI once you have the `seid` command installed (see `Installing Seid`) | ||
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| ## Queries | ||
| If the machine you run these commands aren't a node of the network, you'd need to append `--node http://url-to-sei-cosmos-rpc` to your command. | ||
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| - `seid q evm sei-addr [some EVM address]`: gets the associated Sei address, if exists on-chain, of the queried EVM address | ||
| - `seid q evm evm-addr [some Sei address]`: gets the associated EVM address, if exists on-chain, of the queried Sei address | ||
| - `seid q evm erc20 [erc20 address] [method] [arguments...]`: query the ERC20 contract at given address for the given method/arguments | ||
| - `seid q evm payload [abi-filepath] [method] [arguments...]`: generate the hexadecimal payload of the requested method call given an ABI | ||
| - `seid q evm pointer [type] [pointee]`: gets the pointer contract of the requested pointee. `type` can be one of "NATIVE", "CW20", "CW721", "ERC20", or "ERC721", and `pointee` is the target contract address (except for "NATIVE" type, for which `pointee` would be the native denom name) | ||
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| ## Transactions | ||
| Sending transactions via CLI requires you to have keys added via `seid keys add`. You can then specify the key you want to use by appending `--from=[key name]` to your command. | ||
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| If the machine you run these commands aren't a node of the network, you'd need to append `--evm-rpc http://url-to-sei-evm-rpc` to your command. | ||
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| - `seid tx evm associate-address`: associate Sei address and EVM address on-chain for the sending key | ||
| - `seid tx evm send [to EVM address] [amount in wei]`: send native tokens to the target EVM address | ||
| - `seid tx evm deploy [path to binary]`: deploy an EVM contract | ||
| - `seid tx evm call-contract [addr] [payload hex]`: send a transaction that calls contract at the target address with the provided payload | ||
| - `seid tx evm erc20-send [addr] [recipient] [amount]`: send ERC20 tokens of contract at `addr` to the target recipient | ||
| - `seid tx evm delegate [val-addr] [amount]`: delegate specified amount to the target validator address. Note that the validator address would be in Sei/Cosmos validator address format |
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