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papers/Gagnon_Kebe_Tahiri/main.tex

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 \end{abstract}
 
 \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
-In the vast North Atlantic and subarctic region, the Icelandic area and its surrounding waters offer fascinating ecological interest \citep{schnurr_composition_2014, uhlir_adding_2021}. The waters surrounding Iceland contain a significant diversity of water bodies from various sources (\citep{brix_iceage_2014}). These specific oceanographic and hydrographic characteristics shape benthic habitats through various parameters such as depth gradients, water mass indicators, and specific arrangement of habitats (\citep{meisner_benthic_2014, uhlir_adding_2021}). Therefore, research in these areas enhances our understanding of deep-sea ecosystems and the patterns of biodiversity patterns found within them (\citep{rogers2007corals, meisner_prefacebiodiversity_2018}).
+In the vast North Atlantic and subarctic region, the Icelandic area and its surrounding waters offer fascinating ecological interest \citep{schnurr_composition_2014, uhlir_adding_2021}. The waters surrounding Iceland contain a significant diversity of water bodies from various sources \citep{brix_iceage_2014}. These specific oceanographic and hydrographic characteristics shape benthic habitats through various parameters such as depth gradients, water mass indicators, and specific arrangement of habitats (\citep{meisner_benthic_2014, uhlir_adding_2021}). Therefore, research in these areas enhances our understanding of deep-sea ecosystems and the patterns of biodiversity patterns found within them (\citep{rogers2007corals, meisner_prefacebiodiversity_2018}).
 
-Biological and environmental baseline data collected in these regions the IceAGE project, as well as its predecessors BIOFAR and BIOICE, which studied the biodiversity of the Faroe Islands and Iceland (\citep{meisner_prefacebiodiversity_2018}) are invaluable resources. They provide a crucial source of information for understanding two major issues facing present and future generations: the impact of climate change and mining on the seabed. The North Atlantic region around Iceland has been recognized for decades as a critical region for the regulation of global thermohaline (\citep{meisner_prefacebiodiversity_2018}). The Greenland, Iceland and Norwegian (GIN) seas, as well as the high-latitude North Atlantic, play a crucial role in modern deep-sea ventilation. The surface waters of these regions are essential source regions for global deep-sea renewal, and are essentials for the circulation of thermohaline (\citep{johannessen_relationship_1994}). One of the most important of these changes is the formation of cold, deep water (\citep{meisner_prefacebiodiversity_2018}). With the loss of Arctic sea ice, the deep-sea formation process slowed down, likely impacting the flow dynamic and chemistry in the region studied during the IceAGE expedition (\citep{meisner_prefacebiodiversity_2018}).
+Biological and environmental baseline data collected in these regions the IceAGE project, as well as its predecessors BIOFAR and BIOICE, which studied the biodiversity of the Faroe Islands and Iceland \citep{meisner_prefacebiodiversity_2018} are invaluable resources. They provide a crucial source of information for understanding two major issues facing present and future generations: the impact of climate change and mining on the seabed. The North Atlantic region around Iceland has been recognized for decades as a critical region for the regulation of global thermohaline (\citep{meisner_prefacebiodiversity_2018}). The Greenland, Iceland and Norwegian (GIN) seas, as well as the high-latitude North Atlantic, play a crucial role in modern deep-sea ventilation. The surface waters of these regions are essential source regions for global deep-sea renewal, and are essentials for the circulation of thermohaline (\citep{johannessen_relationship_1994}). One of the most important of these changes is the formation of cold, deep water (\citep{meisner_prefacebiodiversity_2018}). With the loss of Arctic sea ice, the deep-sea formation process slowed down, likely impacting the flow dynamic and chemistry in the region studied during the IceAGE expedition (\citep{meisner_prefacebiodiversity_2018}).
 
 There is a growing international interest in deep-sea resource extraction (\citep{mengerink_call_2014}). These operations target in particular mid-ocean ridges and other active geothermal areas. The ridges around Iceland include these types of areas, such as the Reykjanes Ridge, which is home to hydrothermal vent sites. Accurately and rigorously assessing the extent of damage and loss of ecosystem services caused by mining activities is difficult without robust baseline data (\citep{meisner_prefacebiodiversity_2018}).