Fix ICE caused by const block pattern matching with deref patterns

[Rohithkumar2030]

Summary

This PR fixes an internal compiler error (ICE) occurring when matching a deref pattern inside a const block.

Changes made

• Adjusted logic in rustc_hir_typeck from 'span_bug' to 'span_delayed_bug'
• Added a test: tests/ui/pattern/deref-patterns/ice-adjust-mode-unimplemented-for-constblock.rs
• Generated the corresponding .stderr file for the test using ./x test tests/ui/pattern/deref-patterns/ice-adjust-mode-unimplemented-for-constblock.rs --bless

Notes

• Verified locally with ./x test tidy
• Open for review and feedback

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[lcnr]

This ICE is intentional as the feature is not implemented yet.

Also, you have to use ./x.py test to test whether added UI tests are correct, not only tidy.

I don't think fixing this ICE is worth unless it also triggers if the feature is not enabled.

[oli-obk]

Closing with same rationale as #148876 (comment)