C Programming Syntax Guide

This guide provides an in-depth explanation of essential C programming syntax and concepts. Each section is accompanied by a link to a specific .c file for you to examine the code examples.

What is C Syntax?

C is a general-purpose programming language that provides a simple yet powerful syntax. It is widely used for system programming, embedded systems, and application development due to its efficiency and performance. Learning C syntax helps you build a strong foundation for understanding other programming languages.

C follows a procedural programming paradigm, where functions are executed sequentially. Variables are declared with specific data types, and functions are used to structure the program flow.

For more details, check the Start.c file.

Folders Stucture

.
|-- README.md      
|-- Solution       
|   |-- Task1.c   
|   |-- Task2.c    
|   |-- Task3.c    
|   |-- Task4.c    
|   `-- Task5.c    
`-- Syntax
    |-- Array.c    
    |-- Condition.c
    |-- Loop.c     
    |-- Start.c    
    |-- Task.c
    `-- Void.c

---

Start with C

The main() function is the starting point of any C program. It is where the program execution begins. In this section, you'll learn the basic syntax of C, such as variable declarations, the use of the printf() function to output text, and more.

Here’s a simple C program structure:

#include <stdio.h>  // Standard input-output header for printing

int main() {
    printf("Hello, World!");  // Prints "Hello, World!" to the console
    return 0;  // Exits the program with status 0 (success)
}

For more details, check the Start.c file.

---

Conditionals (if-else, switch)

Conditional statements allow your program to make decisions based on certain conditions. The most commonly used conditional statements are if, else, and switch.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int num = 10;

    if (num > 0) {
        printf("The number is positive.");
    } else {
        printf("The number is non-positive.");
    }

    return 0;
}

The if condition checks if the number is greater than 0. If it is, the program prints that the number is positive; otherwise, it prints that the number is non-positive.

For more examples, check the Condition.c file.

---

Loops (for, while, do-while)

Loops allow you to execute a block of code multiple times. C provides three types of loops: for, while, and do-while.

Example: for loop

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
        printf("Iteration %d", i);
    }
    return 0;
}

The for loop iterates a block of code from i = 1 to i = 5.

Example: while loop

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int i = 1;
    while (i <= 5) {
        printf("Iteration %d", i);
        i++;
    }
    return 0;
}

The while loop continues until the condition (i <= 5) is false.

Example: do-while loop

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int i = 1;
    do {
        printf("Iteration %d", i);
        i++;
    } while (i <= 5);
    return 0;
}

The do-while loop ensures that the code runs at least once before checking the condition.

For more loop examples, check the Loop.c file.

---

Arrays

Arrays are used to store multiple values of the same data type in a single variable. They allow efficient handling of large amounts of data.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int numbers[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
        printf("Number %d: %d", i + 1, numbers[i]);
    }
    
    return 0;
}

In this example, we declare an array numbers to store five integers and print them using a loop.

For more details, check the Array.c file.

---

Functions

Functions allow you to group code into reusable blocks. Functions can accept parameters, perform operations, and return values.

Example: Function with no return value (void)

#include <stdio.h>

void greet() {
    printf("Hello, User!");
}

int main() {
    greet();  // Calls the greet function
    return 0;
}

In this example, the function greet does not return any value (void), but it performs a specific task — printing a greeting message.

For more details on functions, check the Void.c file.

---

Task

Now that you’ve gone through the basics, it’s time to practice! The Task.c file contains exercises for you to work on. These tasks will help you reinforce the concepts you've learned and challenge you to think critically about how to apply them.

All Solution in Solution Folder

---

Elorabi Abd Erraouf