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A library for storing unit vectors in a representation that lends itself to saving space on disk.

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recolude/unitpacking

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Unit Packing

Build Status Go Report Card Coverage

A library for storing unit vectors in a representnation that lends itself to saving space on disk. You can read more on how some of these methods work here.

API

Currently there are 8 implemented methods for packing and unpacking unit vectors.

PackOct32/UnpackOct32
PackOct24/UnpackOct24
PackOct16/UnpackOct16
PackOctQuad16/UnpackOctQuad16
PackOctQuad24/UnpackOctQuad24
PackOctQuad32/UnpackOctQuad32
PackAlg24/UnpackAlg24
PackCoarse24/UnpackCoarse24

Example

package main

import (
	"math/rand"
	"os"

	"github.com/EliCDavis/vector"
	"github.com/recolude/unitpacking/unitpacking"
)

func main() {
	numOfVectors := 10000000
	unitVectors := make([]vector.Vector3, numOfVectors)

	// Generate a bunch of unit vectors
	for i := 0; i < numOfVectors; i++ {
		unitVectors[i] = vector.NewVector3(
			(rand.Float64()*2.0)-1.0,
			(rand.Float64()*2.0)-1.0,
			(rand.Float64()*2.0)-1.0,
		).Normalized()
	}

	out, err := os.Create("example.data")
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}

	// Write out unit vectors in packed format
	for _, unitVector := range unitVectors {
		out.Write(unitpacking.PackOct24(unitVector))
	}
}

Benchmark

To benchmark the different methods, I took a bunch of common 3D models seen in computer graphics and generated both "smooth" and "flat" normals for them and used the normals as the unit vectors. Also one dataset is just 10 million randomly generated unit vectors. I hope the information present here will let you make an informed decision to pick the best method for your use case.

Lowest Error

If what you are looking for is the lowest introduced error from converting between packed format and unpacked, you will want to go with oct32 format. If you can handle a small bit of error in your calculations and speed is not a concern I would go with octquad24.

Average Error Pt.2

File Size

Just by adopting one of these packing methods, you will see a cut of over half the space needed to store a unit vector as your datasets grow. The image below is a sums the compressed data from all datasets packed by each method. Baseline represents each unit vector being written out plainly as 3 32bit floats. If you want to reduce the filesize as much as possible, I would pick octquad16, as it has the highest amount of precision for all 16bit methods.

Data Used

It appears that the alg24 method lends itself to better compressability than oct24 and oct32 methods in some datasets. This might be a more attractive method if introducing some ammount of error to your program is not a problem.

Compressability

Speed

If your goal is to compress data as fast as possible, I would go with the alg24 method, as it has one of the faster runtimes while having way more precision than coarse24.

Runtime

Why Would I Ever Bother With Coarse?

Even though coarse24 has the highest average error by far, there are still situations where this method might be what you need:

  • You have to read this data in a language other than golang.
    • This method simply writes each float value to a single byte. While this is inefficient, it is simple to implement in other languages that need to read this data.
  • You want to sample some random vector component quickly.
    • All other methods take advantage of math/algorithms to represent the data in an efficient format. To get the X,Y, and Z components back you have to re-apply this math/algorithms to get the original data back.
    • If you wanted to get the average value along some axis under the coarse method however, you can easily just sample the byte array immediately.

Hard Data

Dataset Method Runtime Average Error Uncompressed Compressed Compression Ratio
10 million random Baseline N/A N/A 117187 KB 107717 KB 1.0879
10 million random alg24 398.3702ms 0.000704 29296 KB 29305 KB
0.9997
10 million random coarse24 342.3312ms 0.003937 29296 KB 29234 KB 1.0021
10 million random oct16 1.5117462s 0.004020 19531 KB 19267 KB 1.0137
10 million random oct24 1.543465s 0.000276 29296 KB 29305 KB
0.9997
10 million random oct32 1.5763905s 0.000012 39062 KB 39074 KB
0.9997
10 million random octquad16 4.1228513s 0.003110 19531 KB 19480 KB 1.0026
10 million random octquad24 5.5927954s 0.000194 29296 KB 29305 KB
0.9997
10 million random octquad32 6.5853774s 0.000012 39062 KB 39074 KB
0.9997
armadillo flat Baseline N/A N/A 585 KB 436 KB 1.3415
armadillo flat alg24 1.9746ms 0.000799 146 KB 146 KB 1.0013
armadillo flat coarse24 999.6µs 0.003943 146 KB 146 KB 1.0030
armadillo flat oct16 7.9898ms 0.003756 97 KB 96 KB 1.0105
armadillo flat oct24 7.1822ms 0.000254 146 KB 146 KB 1.0015
armadillo flat oct32 7.0001ms 0.000011 195 KB 172 KB 1.1347
armadillo flat octquad16 20.0286ms 0.002923 97 KB 97 KB 1.0016
armadillo flat octquad24 24.9657ms 0.000182 146 KB 146 KB 1.0029
armadillo flat octquad32 32.0289ms 0.000011 195 KB 172 KB 1.1350
armadillo smooth Baseline N/A N/A 585 KB 540 KB 1.0836
armadillo smooth alg24 3.0001ms 0.000805 146 KB 146 KB
0.9996
armadillo smooth coarse24 996.8µs 0.003932 146 KB 146 KB 1.0003
armadillo smooth oct16 6.9461ms 0.003944 97 KB 96 KB 1.0141
armadillo smooth oct24 7.0004ms 0.000265 146 KB 146 KB
0.9996
armadillo smooth oct32 8.009ms 0.000011 195 KB 195 KB
0.9997
armadillo smooth octquad16 19.9521ms 0.002911 97 KB 97 KB 1.0018
armadillo smooth octquad24 26.032ms 0.000182 146 KB 146 KB
0.9996
armadillo smooth octquad32 37.0339ms 0.000011 195 KB 195 KB
0.9997
beetle-alt flat Baseline N/A N/A 233 KB 189 KB 1.2318
beetle-alt flat alg24 984.5µs 0.001217 58 KB 56 KB 1.0225
beetle-alt flat coarse24 0s 0.003954 58 KB 54 KB 1.0611
beetle-alt flat oct16 3.0045ms 0.003751 38 KB 36 KB 1.0509
beetle-alt flat oct24 3.0001ms 0.000257 58 KB 57 KB 1.0102
beetle-alt flat oct32 3.0001ms 0.000010 77 KB 74 KB 1.0432
beetle-alt flat octquad16 8.9721ms 0.002703 38 KB 37 KB 1.0483
beetle-alt flat octquad24 14.4702ms 0.000170 58 KB 56 KB 1.0353
beetle-alt flat octquad32 14.004ms 0.000011 77 KB 73 KB 1.0536
beetle-alt smooth Baseline N/A N/A 233 KB 212 KB 1.0965
beetle-alt smooth alg24 997.8µs 0.000865 58 KB 57 KB 1.0138
beetle-alt smooth coarse24 1.0189ms 0.003950 58 KB 56 KB 1.0402
beetle-alt smooth oct16 3.0235ms 0.004281 38 KB 35 KB 1.0809
beetle-alt smooth oct24 3.0305ms 0.000289 58 KB 57 KB 1.0141
beetle-alt smooth oct32 2.9986ms 0.000011 77 KB 76 KB 1.0102
beetle-alt smooth octquad16 7.0219ms 0.002917 38 KB 36 KB 1.0587
beetle-alt smooth octquad24 12.0015ms 0.000183 58 KB 56 KB 1.0251
beetle-alt smooth octquad32 13.9682ms 0.000011 77 KB 76 KB 1.0130
beetle flat Baseline N/A N/A 13 KB 11 KB 1.1814
beetle flat alg24 0s 0.001273 3 KB 3 KB 1.0053
beetle flat coarse24 0s 0.003769 3 KB 3 KB 1.0214
beetle flat oct16 0s 0.003735 2 KB 2 KB 1.0061
beetle flat oct24 0s 0.000246 3 KB 3 KB
0.9977
beetle flat oct32 0s 0.000010 4 KB 4 KB 1.0227
beetle flat octquad16 0s 0.002776 2 KB 2 KB
0.9970
beetle flat octquad24 999.2µs 0.000168 3 KB 3 KB
0.9994
beetle flat octquad32 1.0094ms 0.000011 4 KB 4 KB 1.0229
beetle smooth Baseline N/A N/A 13 KB 12 KB 1.0984
beetle smooth alg24 0s 0.000851 3 KB 3 KB
0.9971
beetle smooth coarse24 0s 0.003959 3 KB 3 KB 1.0106
beetle smooth oct16 0s 0.004448 2 KB 2 KB 1.0333
beetle smooth oct24 0s 0.000304 3 KB 3 KB
0.9980
beetle smooth oct32 0s 0.000012 4 KB 4 KB 1.0002
beetle smooth octquad16 0s 0.002971 2 KB 2 KB 1.0048
beetle smooth octquad24 0s 0.000190 3 KB 3 KB
0.9991
beetle smooth octquad32 1ms 0.000012 4 KB 4 KB
0.9991
cheburashka flat Baseline N/A N/A 78 KB 43 KB 1.7861
cheburashka flat alg24 0s 0.000642 19 KB 14 KB 1.3377
cheburashka flat coarse24 0s 0.003960 19 KB 14 KB 1.3455
cheburashka flat oct16 978.9µs 0.003500 13 KB 9 KB 1.3199
cheburashka flat oct24 999.1µs 0.000234 19 KB 14 KB 1.3358
cheburashka flat oct32 2.0027ms 0.000011 26 KB 16 KB 1.5822
cheburashka flat octquad16 2.0003ms 0.002776 13 KB 9 KB 1.3089
cheburashka flat octquad24 4.0007ms 0.000174 19 KB 14 KB 1.3369
cheburashka flat octquad32 4.9972ms 0.000011 26 KB 16 KB 1.5831
cheburashka smooth Baseline N/A N/A 78 KB 72 KB 1.0831
cheburashka smooth alg24 0s 0.000616 19 KB 19 KB
0.9993
cheburashka smooth coarse24 0s 0.003965 19 KB 19 KB 1.0033
cheburashka smooth oct16 1.0045ms 0.003911 13 KB 12 KB 1.0200
cheburashka smooth oct24 1.0003ms 0.000252 19 KB 19 KB
0.9993
cheburashka smooth oct32 1.0001ms 0.000011 26 KB 26 KB
0.9994
cheburashka smooth octquad16 2.0263ms 0.002830 13 KB 12 KB 1.0064
cheburashka smooth octquad24 5.0267ms 0.000179 19 KB 19 KB 1.0001
cheburashka smooth octquad32 3.9715ms 0.000011 26 KB 26 KB
0.9994
cow flat Baseline N/A N/A 34 KB 23 KB 1.4391
cow flat alg24 0s 0.000735 8 KB 8 KB 1.0099
cow flat coarse24 986.1µs 0.003966 8 KB 8 KB 1.0188
cow flat oct16 0s 0.003499 5 KB 5 KB 1.0126
cow flat oct24 0s 0.000230 8 KB 8 KB 1.0080
cow flat oct32 1.9669ms 0.000011 11 KB 10 KB 1.1074
cow flat octquad16 1.9994ms 0.002806 5 KB 5 KB 1.0069
cow flat octquad24 1.9997ms 0.000172 8 KB 8 KB 1.0129
cow flat octquad32 2ms 0.000011 11 KB 10 KB 1.1089
cow smooth Baseline N/A N/A 34 KB 31 KB 1.0812
cow smooth alg24 0s 0.000608 8 KB 8 KB
0.9989
cow smooth coarse24 0s 0.003939 8 KB 8 KB 1.0036
cow smooth oct16 998.7µs 0.003917 5 KB 5 KB 1.0117
cow smooth oct24 994.7µs 0.000255 8 KB 8 KB
0.9989
cow smooth oct32 1.0001ms 0.000011 11 KB 11 KB
0.9991
cow smooth octquad16 2.001ms 0.002816 5 KB 5 KB 1.0000
cow smooth octquad24 2.0055ms 0.000177 8 KB 8 KB
0.9989
cow smooth octquad32 1.9996ms 0.000011 11 KB 11 KB
0.9991
fandisk flat Baseline N/A N/A 75 KB 43 KB 1.7632
fandisk flat alg24 0s 0.001230 18 KB 7 KB 2.4786
fandisk flat coarse24 999.7µs 0.002818 18 KB 6 KB 2.9539
fandisk flat oct16 983.3µs 0.001480 12 KB 4 KB 2.7636
fandisk flat oct24 951.5µs 0.000108 18 KB 9 KB 2.0428
fandisk flat oct32 1.0003ms 0.000005 25 KB 14 KB 1.7644
fandisk flat octquad16 1.9998ms 0.002437 12 KB 4 KB 2.6934
fandisk flat octquad24 2.9673ms 0.000145 18 KB 9 KB 2.0705
fandisk flat octquad32 3.7969ms 0.000009 25 KB 14 KB 1.7893
fandisk smooth Baseline N/A N/A 75 KB 48 KB 1.5731
fandisk smooth alg24 0s 0.001147 18 KB 9 KB 1.9277
fandisk smooth coarse24 0s 0.004274 18 KB 8 KB 2.2281
fandisk smooth oct16 999.2µs 0.002646 12 KB 5 KB 2.2110
fandisk smooth oct24 1.0305ms 0.000215 18 KB 10 KB 1.8308
fandisk smooth oct32 1.0321ms 0.000009 25 KB 15 KB 1.5819
fandisk smooth octquad16 3.0186ms 0.002655 12 KB 5 KB 2.2510
fandisk smooth octquad24 2.9989ms 0.000138 18 KB 10 KB 1.8703
fandisk smooth octquad32 2.993ms 0.000011 25 KB 15 KB 1.6154
happy flat Baseline N/A N/A 577 KB 496 KB 1.1628
happy flat alg24 1.9974ms 0.000865 144 KB 143 KB 1.0029
happy flat coarse24 999.1µs 0.003936 144 KB 142 KB 1.0102
happy flat oct16 7.9676ms 0.003597 96 KB 93 KB 1.0264
happy flat oct24 7.004ms 0.000241 144 KB 143 KB 1.0033
happy flat oct32 7.9984ms 0.000011 192 KB 183 KB 1.0503
happy flat octquad16 20.9845ms 0.002822 96 KB 95 KB 1.0120
happy flat octquad24 27.9652ms 0.000176 144 KB 143 KB 1.0063
happy flat octquad32 32.996ms 0.000011 192 KB 183 KB 1.0503
happy smooth Baseline N/A N/A 577 KB 531 KB 1.0851
happy smooth alg24 1.9762ms 0.000711 144 KB 144 KB 1.0015
happy smooth coarse24 2.2757ms 0.003931 144 KB 143 KB 1.0081
happy smooth oct16 7.0308ms 0.003912 96 KB 92 KB 1.0380
happy smooth oct24 6.986ms 0.000255 144 KB 143 KB 1.0033
happy smooth oct32 7.0159ms 0.000011 192 KB 191 KB 1.0025
happy smooth octquad16 22.0264ms 0.002883 96 KB 94 KB 1.0169
happy smooth octquad24 29.0003ms 0.000181 144 KB 143 KB 1.0051
happy smooth octquad32 34.0173ms 0.000011 192 KB 192 KB 1.0015
horse flat Baseline N/A N/A 568 KB 523 KB 1.0848
horse flat alg24 1.9998ms 0.001013 142 KB 140 KB 1.0076
horse flat coarse24 999.8µs 0.003928 142 KB 138 KB 1.0266
horse flat oct16 6.9994ms 0.003549 94 KB 92 KB 1.0257
horse flat oct24 7.0053ms 0.000237 142 KB 141 KB 1.0047
horse flat oct32 6.9769ms 0.000011 189 KB 188 KB 1.0044
horse flat octquad16 18.9652ms 0.002749 94 KB 91 KB 1.0305
horse flat octquad24 27.9848ms 0.000172 142 KB 140 KB 1.0135
horse flat octquad32 33.1514ms 0.000011 189 KB 187 KB 1.0076
horse smooth Baseline N/A N/A 568 KB 523 KB 1.0863
horse smooth alg24 1.999ms 0.000968 142 KB 141 KB 1.0069
horse smooth coarse24 999.7µs 0.003948 142 KB 138 KB 1.0272
horse smooth oct16 5.998ms 0.003780 94 KB 90 KB 1.0420
horse smooth oct24 5.9989ms 0.000248 142 KB 141 KB 1.0062
horse smooth oct32 6.9996ms 0.000011 189 KB 188 KB 1.0051
horse smooth octquad16 20.0356ms 0.002801 94 KB 91 KB 1.0406
horse smooth octquad24 28.9667ms 0.000175 142 KB 139 KB 1.0162
horse smooth octquad32 33.9999ms 0.000011 189 KB 187 KB 1.0096
igea flat Baseline N/A N/A 1574 KB 1306 KB 1.2051
igea flat alg24 5.9704ms 0.000781 393 KB 379 KB 1.0384
igea flat coarse24 5.0045ms 0.003924 393 KB 368 KB 1.0685
igea flat oct16 20.9955ms 0.003640 262 KB 243 KB 1.0758
igea flat oct24 21.9314ms 0.000247 393 KB 381 KB 1.0327
igea flat oct32 23.975ms 0.000011 524 KB 485 KB 1.0816
igea flat octquad16 51.0072ms 0.002846 262 KB 243 KB 1.0789
igea flat octquad24 68.0317ms 0.000178 393 KB 367 KB 1.0724
igea flat octquad32 83.3463ms 0.000011 524 KB 477 KB 1.0986
igea smooth Baseline N/A N/A 1574 KB 1445 KB 1.0892
igea smooth alg24 5ms 0.000931 393 KB 385 KB 1.0202
igea smooth coarse24 3.9998ms 0.003938 393 KB 374 KB 1.0516
igea smooth oct16 18.003ms 0.003782 262 KB 243 KB 1.0782
igea smooth oct24 18.997ms 0.000249 393 KB 387 KB 1.0162
igea smooth oct32 17.9998ms 0.000011 524 KB 520 KB 1.0086
igea smooth octquad16 47ms 0.002797 262 KB 244 KB 1.0729
igea smooth octquad24 70.0391ms 0.000175 393 KB 382 KB 1.0278
igea smooth octquad32 87.5491ms 0.000011 524 KB 515 KB 1.0177
lucy flat Baseline N/A N/A 585 KB 425 KB 1.3773
lucy flat alg24 2.9993ms 0.001102 146 KB 145 KB 1.0067
lucy flat coarse24 1ms 0.003923 146 KB 144 KB 1.0106
lucy flat oct16 6.9978ms 0.003752 97 KB 95 KB 1.0269
lucy flat oct24 7.9994ms 0.000258 146 KB 145 KB 1.0072
lucy flat oct32 6.9964ms 0.000011 195 KB 165 KB 1.1777
lucy flat octquad16 19.9692ms 0.002860 97 KB 95 KB 1.0207
lucy flat octquad24 29.0452ms 0.000179 146 KB 143 KB 1.0187
lucy flat octquad32 32.0333ms 0.000011 195 KB 165 KB 1.1803
lucy smooth Baseline N/A N/A 585 KB 539 KB 1.0868
lucy smooth alg24 2.0083ms 0.001102 146 KB 145 KB 1.0033
lucy smooth coarse24 1.0003ms 0.003938 146 KB 145 KB 1.0075
lucy smooth oct16 6.9975ms 0.003945 97 KB 94 KB 1.0325
lucy smooth oct24 5.9735ms 0.000264 146 KB 145 KB 1.0036
lucy smooth oct32 7.0005ms 0.000011 195 KB 194 KB 1.0025
lucy smooth octquad16 21.5069ms 0.002904 97 KB 95 KB 1.0232
lucy smooth octquad24 30.27ms 0.000181 146 KB 144 KB 1.0104
lucy smooth octquad32 34.037ms 0.000011 195 KB 194 KB 1.0053
max-planck flat Baseline N/A N/A 586 KB 519 KB 1.1289
max-planck flat alg24 2.0012ms 0.000718 146 KB 145 KB 1.0075
max-planck flat coarse24 1.966ms 0.003942 146 KB 145 KB 1.0095
max-planck flat oct16 7.0286ms 0.003609 97 KB 96 KB 1.0185
max-planck flat oct24 5.9986ms 0.000247 146 KB 145 KB 1.0055
max-planck flat oct32 6.9976ms 0.000011 195 KB 190 KB 1.0277
max-planck flat octquad16 19.9998ms 0.002872 97 KB 95 KB 1.0196
max-planck flat octquad24 27.9984ms 0.000180 146 KB 144 KB 1.0178
max-planck flat octquad32 30.9965ms 0.000011 195 KB 189 KB 1.0325
max-planck smooth Baseline N/A N/A 586 KB 540 KB 1.0866
max-planck smooth alg24 2.9894ms 0.000703 146 KB 145 KB 1.0062
max-planck smooth coarse24 1.0109ms 0.003940 146 KB 145 KB 1.0086
max-planck smooth oct16 7.0068ms 0.003798 97 KB 95 KB 1.0210
max-planck smooth oct24 9.7555ms 0.000256 146 KB 146 KB 1.0040
max-planck smooth oct32 6.9987ms 0.000011 195 KB 195 KB 1.0026
max-planck smooth octquad16 21.632ms 0.002864 97 KB 95 KB 1.0192
max-planck smooth octquad24 28.0268ms 0.000179 146 KB 145 KB 1.0095
max-planck smooth octquad32 35.9722ms 0.000011 195 KB 194 KB 1.0053
nefertiti flat Baseline N/A N/A 585 KB 424 KB 1.3788
nefertiti flat alg24 999.9µs 0.000848 146 KB 138 KB 1.0563
nefertiti flat coarse24 2.001ms 0.003932 146 KB 135 KB 1.0818
nefertiti flat oct16 5.9874ms 0.003657 97 KB 90 KB 1.0765
nefertiti flat oct24 6.999ms 0.000245 146 KB 139 KB 1.0491
nefertiti flat oct32 7.0007ms 0.000011 195 KB 166 KB 1.1747
nefertiti flat octquad16 21.3695ms 0.002814 97 KB 88 KB 1.1015
nefertiti flat octquad24 25.9725ms 0.000176 146 KB 134 KB 1.0924
nefertiti flat octquad32 29.9629ms 0.000011 195 KB 163 KB 1.1950
nefertiti smooth Baseline N/A N/A 585 KB 534 KB 1.0964
nefertiti smooth alg24 2.0007ms 0.000806 146 KB 140 KB 1.0417
nefertiti smooth coarse24 1.9596ms 0.003948 146 KB 135 KB 1.0793
nefertiti smooth oct16 7.0233ms 0.003936 97 KB 89 KB 1.0861
nefertiti smooth oct24 9.0006ms 0.000260 146 KB 141 KB 1.0364
nefertiti smooth oct32 6.9925ms 0.000011 195 KB 191 KB 1.0214
nefertiti smooth octquad16 19.9863ms 0.002881 97 KB 87 KB 1.1134
nefertiti smooth octquad24 27.0145ms 0.000180 146 KB 137 KB 1.0612
nefertiti smooth octquad32 34.9973ms 0.000011 195 KB 187 KB 1.0406
ogre flat Baseline N/A N/A 728 KB 521 KB 1.3967
ogre flat alg24 1.9898ms 0.000786 182 KB 177 KB 1.0248
ogre flat coarse24 2.0344ms 0.003829 182 KB 175 KB 1.0397
ogre flat oct16 9.0339ms 0.003447 121 KB 118 KB 1.0293
ogre flat oct24 9.0201ms 0.000230 182 KB 178 KB 1.0230
ogre flat oct32 10.0341ms 0.000010 242 KB 214 KB 1.1348
ogre flat octquad16 24.3084ms 0.002704 121 KB 118 KB 1.0225
ogre flat octquad24 35.9854ms 0.000171 182 KB 175 KB 1.0363
ogre flat octquad32 41.9872ms 0.000011 242 KB 212 KB 1.1418
ogre smooth Baseline N/A N/A 728 KB 663 KB 1.0981
ogre smooth alg24 2.9991ms 0.000838 182 KB 180 KB 1.0078
ogre smooth coarse24 2.0001ms 0.003944 182 KB 178 KB 1.0183
ogre smooth oct16 9.9979ms 0.003844 121 KB 118 KB 1.0293
ogre smooth oct24 9.0022ms 0.000251 182 KB 181 KB 1.0066
ogre smooth oct32 7.9807ms 0.000011 242 KB 240 KB 1.0094
ogre smooth octquad16 27.9908ms 0.002808 121 KB 119 KB 1.0149
ogre smooth octquad24 39.0314ms 0.000176 182 KB 180 KB 1.0098
ogre smooth octquad32 44.0336ms 0.000011 242 KB 240 KB 1.0102
rocker-arm flat Baseline N/A N/A 117 KB 92 KB 1.2751
rocker-arm flat alg24 0s 0.001186 29 KB 29 KB 1.0086
rocker-arm flat coarse24 0s 0.003932 29 KB 28 KB 1.0248
rocker-arm flat oct16 2.0004ms 0.003257 19 KB 19 KB 1.0091
rocker-arm flat oct24 2.0375ms 0.000222 29 KB 29 KB
0.9998
rocker-arm flat oct32 1.0022ms 0.000010 39 KB 35 KB 1.1120
rocker-arm flat octquad16 5.0551ms 0.002663 19 KB 19 KB 1.0078
rocker-arm flat octquad24 7.0301ms 0.000166 29 KB 29 KB 1.0045
rocker-arm flat octquad32 6.9669ms 0.000010 39 KB 35 KB 1.1134
rocker-arm smooth Baseline N/A N/A 117 KB 108 KB 1.0832
rocker-arm smooth alg24 0s 0.000970 29 KB 29 KB 1.0037
rocker-arm smooth coarse24 0s 0.003938 29 KB 29 KB 1.0125
rocker-arm smooth oct16 2.0005ms 0.003593 19 KB 19 KB 1.0151
rocker-arm smooth oct24 999.1µs 0.000238 29 KB 29 KB 1.0000
rocker-arm smooth oct32 2.0319ms 0.000011 39 KB 39 KB
0.9995
rocker-arm smooth octquad16 4.0264ms 0.002782 19 KB 19 KB 1.0092
rocker-arm smooth octquad24 6.0005ms 0.000173 29 KB 29 KB 1.0028
rocker-arm smooth octquad32 6.9746ms 0.000011 39 KB 39 KB 1.0004
spot flat Baseline N/A N/A 34 KB 20 KB 1.6768
spot flat alg24 0s 0.000941 8 KB 8 KB 1.0150
spot flat coarse24 0s 0.003928 8 KB 8 KB 1.0301
spot flat oct16 0s 0.003731 5 KB 5 KB 1.0202
spot flat oct24 0s 0.000240 8 KB 8 KB 1.0123
spot flat oct32 2.0022ms 0.000011 11 KB 10 KB 1.1365
spot flat octquad16 1.0001ms 0.002733 5 KB 5 KB 1.0103
spot flat octquad24 999.7µs 0.000169 8 KB 8 KB 1.0245
spot flat octquad32 2.0304ms 0.000011 11 KB 10 KB 1.1376
spot smooth Baseline N/A N/A 34 KB 31 KB 1.0866
spot smooth alg24 0s 0.000808 8 KB 8 KB
0.9989
spot smooth coarse24 0s 0.003954 8 KB 8 KB 1.0047
spot smooth oct16 999.5µs 0.003943 5 KB 5 KB 1.0123
spot smooth oct24 0s 0.000257 8 KB 8 KB
0.9989
spot smooth oct32 0s 0.000011 11 KB 11 KB
0.9991
spot smooth octquad16 2.0263ms 0.002826 5 KB 5 KB
0.9993
spot smooth octquad24 1.9999ms 0.000178 8 KB 8 KB
0.9989
spot smooth octquad32 999.4µs 0.000011 11 KB 11 KB
0.9991
stanford-bunny flat Baseline N/A N/A 421 KB 317 KB 1.3285
stanford-bunny flat alg24 998.6µs 0.000913 105 KB 100 KB 1.0492
stanford-bunny flat coarse24 1.0001ms 0.003875 105 KB 97 KB 1.0855
stanford-bunny flat oct16 5.0051ms 0.004258 70 KB 64 KB 1.0842
stanford-bunny flat oct24 5.0053ms 0.000244 105 KB 101 KB 1.0413
stanford-bunny flat oct32 4.9996ms 0.000011 140 KB 123 KB 1.1342
stanford-bunny flat octquad16 14ms 0.002818 70 KB 65 KB 1.0731
stanford-bunny flat octquad24 20ms 0.000176 105 KB 98 KB 1.0726
stanford-bunny flat octquad32 30.998ms 0.000011 140 KB 122 KB 1.1426
stanford-bunny smooth Baseline N/A N/A 421 KB 376 KB 1.1186
stanford-bunny smooth alg24 2.0276ms 0.000712 105 KB 102 KB 1.0228
stanford-bunny smooth coarse24 972.4µs 0.003903 105 KB 99 KB 1.0543
stanford-bunny smooth oct16 4.9999ms 0.004644 70 KB 65 KB 1.0759
stanford-bunny smooth oct24 6.0005ms 0.000265 105 KB 102 KB 1.0242
stanford-bunny smooth oct32 4.9996ms 0.000012 140 KB 137 KB 1.0245
stanford-bunny smooth octquad16 15.9985ms 0.002900 70 KB 66 KB 1.0625
stanford-bunny smooth octquad24 21.9964ms 0.000183 105 KB 101 KB 1.0375
stanford-bunny smooth octquad32 24.03ms 0.000011 140 KB 136 KB 1.0293
teapot flat Baseline N/A N/A 42 KB 30 KB 1.4060
teapot flat alg24 0s 0.001040 10 KB 10 KB 1.0319
teapot flat coarse24 0s 0.003842 10 KB 10 KB 1.0600
teapot flat oct16 0s 0.003486 7 KB 6 KB 1.0240
teapot flat oct24 0s 0.000246 10 KB 10 KB 1.0145
teapot flat oct32 0s 0.000011 14 KB 13 KB 1.0664
teapot flat octquad16 2.0002ms 0.002783 7 KB 6 KB 1.0209
teapot flat octquad24 2.0471ms 0.000169 10 KB 10 KB 1.0205
teapot flat octquad32 1.9984ms 0.000011 14 KB 13 KB 1.0707
teapot smooth Baseline N/A N/A 42 KB 39 KB 1.0864
teapot smooth alg24 0s 0.000972 10 KB 10 KB 1.0016
teapot smooth coarse24 998.9µs 0.003953 10 KB 10 KB 1.0189
teapot smooth oct16 0s 0.003984 7 KB 6 KB 1.0297
teapot smooth oct24 0s 0.000257 10 KB 10 KB 1.0003
teapot smooth oct32 999.6µs 0.000011 14 KB 14 KB 1.0003
teapot smooth octquad16 1.9707ms 0.002902 7 KB 7 KB 1.0162
teapot smooth octquad24 1.9999ms 0.000181 10 KB 10 KB 1.0011
teapot smooth octquad32 3.0001ms 0.000011 14 KB 14 KB
0.9994
xyzrgb_dragon flat Baseline N/A N/A 1465 KB 1250 KB 1.1722
xyzrgb_dragon flat alg24 4.9662ms 0.000775 366 KB 364 KB 1.0049
xyzrgb_dragon flat coarse24 4.9695ms 0.003935 366 KB 363 KB 1.0090
xyzrgb_dragon flat oct16 18.0339ms 0.003774 244 KB 239 KB 1.0185
xyzrgb_dragon flat oct24 18.9996ms 0.000255 366 KB 364 KB 1.0050
xyzrgb_dragon flat oct32 17.9738ms 0.000011 488 KB 465 KB 1.0504
xyzrgb_dragon flat octquad16 49.9681ms 0.002920 244 KB 240 KB 1.0171
xyzrgb_dragon flat octquad24 74.8258ms 0.000182 366 KB 361 KB 1.0137
xyzrgb_dragon flat octquad32 80.9937ms 0.000011 488 KB 463 KB 1.0533
xyzrgb_dragon smooth Baseline N/A N/A 1465 KB 1343 KB 1.0906
xyzrgb_dragon smooth alg24 4.9987ms 0.000733 366 KB 364 KB 1.0042
xyzrgb_dragon smooth coarse24 5.0232ms 0.003942 366 KB 362 KB 1.0102
xyzrgb_dragon smooth oct16 20.9674ms 0.004083 244 KB 237 KB 1.0301
xyzrgb_dragon smooth oct24 18.032ms 0.000273 366 KB 364 KB 1.0056
xyzrgb_dragon smooth oct32 18.9857ms 0.000011 488 KB 486 KB 1.0046
xyzrgb_dragon smooth octquad16 50.999ms 0.002980 244 KB 238 KB 1.0263
xyzrgb_dragon smooth octquad24 73.0343ms 0.000187 366 KB 361 KB 1.0128
xyzrgb_dragon smooth octquad32 88.036ms 0.000012 488 KB 484 KB 1.0079

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A library for storing unit vectors in a representation that lends itself to saving space on disk.

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