aws-encryption-sdk

The AWS Encryption SDK for Python provides a fully compliant, native Python implementation of the AWS Encryption SDK.

The latest full documentation can be found at Read the Docs.

Find us on GitHub.

Getting Started

Required Prerequisites

• Python 2.7+ or 3.4+
• cryptography >= 1.8.1
• boto3
• attrs

Installation

Note

If you have not already installed cryptography, you might need to install additional prerequisites as detailed in the cryptography installation guide for your operating system.

$ pip install aws-encryption-sdk

Concepts

There are four main concepts that you need to understand to use this library:

Cryptographic Materials Managers

Cryptographic materials managers (CMMs) are resources that collect cryptographic materials and prepare them for use by the Encryption SDK core logic.

An example of a CMM is the default CMM, which is automatically generated anywhere a caller provides a master key provider. The default CMM collects encrypted data keys from all master keys referenced by the master key provider.

An example of a more advanced CMM is the caching CMM, which caches cryptographic materials provided by another CMM.

Master Key Providers

Master key providers are resources that provide master keys. An example of a master key provider is AWS KMS.

To encrypt data in this client, a MasterKeyProvider object must contain at least one MasterKey object.

MasterKeyProvider objects can also contain other MasterKeyProvider objects.

Master Keys

Master keys generate, encrypt, and decrypt data keys. An example of a master key is a KMS customer master key (CMK).

Data Keys

Data keys are the encryption keys that are used to encrypt your data. If your algorithm suite uses a key derivation function, the data key is used to generate the key that directly encrypts the data.

Usage

To use this client, you (the caller) must provide an instance of either a master key provider or a CMM. The examples in this readme use the KMSMasterKeyProvider class.

KMSMasterKeyProvider

Because the KMSMasterKeyProvider uses the boto3 SDK to interact with AWS KMS, it requires AWS Credentials. To provide these credentials, use the standard means by which boto3 locates credentials or provide a pre-existing instance of a botocore session to the KMSMasterKeyProvider. This latter option can be useful if you have an alternate way to store your AWS credentials or you want to reuse an existing instance of a botocore session in order to decrease startup costs.

import aws_encryption_sdk
import botocore.session

kms_key_provider = aws_encryption_sdk.KMSMasterKeyProvider()

existing_botocore_session = botocore.session.Session()
kms_key_provider = aws_encryption_sdk.KMSMasterKeyProvider(botocore_session=existing_botocore_session)

You can pre-load the KMSMasterKeyProvider with one or more CMKs. To encrypt data, you must configure the KMSMasterKeyProvider with as least one CMK. If you configure the the KMSMasterKeyProvider with multiple CMKs, the final message will include a copy of the data key encrypted by each configured CMK.

import aws_encryption_sdk

kms_key_provider = aws_encryption_sdk.KMSMasterKeyProvider(key_ids=[
    'arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:2222222222222:key/22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222',
    'arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:3333333333333:key/33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333'
])

You can add CMKs from multiple regions to the KMSMasterKeyProvider.

import aws_encryption_sdk

kms_key_provider = aws_encryption_sdk.KMSMasterKeyProvider(key_ids=[
    'arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:2222222222222:key/22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222',
    'arn:aws:kms:us-west-2:3333333333333:key/33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333',
    'arn:aws:kms:ap-northeast-1:4444444444444:key/44444444-4444-4444-4444-444444444444'
])

Encryption and Decryption

After you create an instance of a MasterKeyProvider, you can use either of the two high-level encrypt/decrypt functions to encrypt and decrypt your data.

import aws_encryption_sdk

kms_key_provider = aws_encryption_sdk.KMSMasterKeyProvider(key_ids=[
    'arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:2222222222222:key/22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222',
    'arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:3333333333333:key/33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333'
])
my_plaintext = b'This is some super secret data!  Yup, sure is!'

my_ciphertext, encryptor_header = aws_encryption_sdk.encrypt(
    source=my_plaintext,
    key_provider=kms_key_provider
)

decrypted_plaintext, decryptor_header = aws_encryption_sdk.decrypt(
    source=my_ciphertext,
    key_provider=kms_key_provider
)

assert my_plaintext == decrypted_plaintext
assert encryptor_header.encryption_context == decryptor_header.encryption_context

You can provide an encryption context: a form of additional authenticating information.

import aws_encryption_sdk

kms_key_provider = aws_encryption_sdk.KMSMasterKeyProvider(key_ids=[
    'arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:2222222222222:key/22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222',
    'arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:3333333333333:key/33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333'
])
my_plaintext = b'This is some super secret data!  Yup, sure is!'

my_ciphertext, encryptor_header = aws_encryption_sdk.encrypt(
    source=my_plaintext,
    key_provider=kms_key_provider,
    encryption_context={
        'not really': 'a secret',
        'but adds': 'some authentication'
    }
)

decrypted_plaintext, decryptor_header = aws_encryption_sdk.decrypt(
    source=my_ciphertext,
    key_provider=kms_key_provider
)

assert my_plaintext == decrypted_plaintext
assert encryptor_header.encryption_context == decryptor_header.encryption_context

Streaming

If you are handling large files or simply do not want to put the entire plaintext or ciphertext in memory at once, you can use this library's streaming clients directly. The streaming clients are file-like objects, and behave exactly as you would expect a Python file object to behave, offering context manager and iteration support.

import aws_encryption_sdk
import filecmp

kms_key_provider = aws_encryption_sdk.KMSMasterKeyProvider(key_ids=[
    'arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:2222222222222:key/22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222',
    'arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:3333333333333:key/33333333-3333-3333-3333-333333333333'
])
plaintext_filename = 'my-secret-data.dat'
ciphertext_filename = 'my-encrypted-data.ct'

with open(plaintext_filename, 'rb') as pt_file, open(ciphertext_filename, 'wb') as ct_file:
    with aws_encryption_sdk.stream(
        mode='e',
        source=pt_file,
        key_provider=kms_key_provider
    ) as encryptor:
        for chunk in encryptor:
            ct_file.write(chunk)

new_plaintext_filename = 'my-decrypted-data.dat'

with open(ciphertext_filename, 'rb') as ct_file, open(new_plaintext_filename, 'wb') as pt_file:
    with aws_encryption_sdk.stream(
        mode='d',
        source=ct_file,
        key_provider=kms_key_provider
    ) as decryptor:
        for chunk in decryptor:
            pt_file.write(chunk)

assert filecmp.cmp(plaintext_filename, new_plaintext_filename)
assert encryptor.header.encryption_context == decryptor.header.encryption_context

Performance Considerations

Adjusting the frame size can significantly improve the performance of encrypt/decrypt operations with this library.

Processing each frame in a framed message involves a certain amount of overhead. If you are encrypting a large file, increasing the frame size can offer potentially significant performance gains. We recommend that you tune these values to your use-case in order to obtain peak performance.