Align w master

docs/extract.rst

@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ The datasets introduced are listed in the table below.
  ================================================================== ===========
   Hydrogen distribution                                              location
  ================================================================== ===========
-  Hydrogen refuelling station                                        GLO
+  hydrogen refuelling station                                        GLO
   high pressure hydrogen storage tank                                GLO
   distribution pipeline for hydrogen, dedicated hydrogen pipeline    RER
   transmission pipeline for hydrogen, dedicated hydrogen pipeline    RER
@@ -635,6 +635,19 @@ The datasets introduced are listed in the table below.
 .. _LCI_H2_distr: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-hydrogen-distribution.xlsx
 .. _Cerniauskas: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.02.121
 
+
+Hydrogen turbine
+****************
+
+A dataset for a hydrogen turbine is also imported, to model the production of electricity
+from hydrogen, with an efficiency of 51%. The efficiency of the H2-fed gas turbine is based
+on the parameters of Ozawa_ et al. (2019), consulted here: LCI_H2_turbine_.
+
+.. _Ozawa: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.02.230
+.. _LCI_H2_turbine: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-hydrogen-turbine.xlsx
+
+
+
 Biofuels
 --------
 
@@ -944,6 +957,41 @@ These inventories can be found here: LCI_lithium_.
 .. _LCI_cobalt: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-cobalt.xlsx
 .. _LCI_lithium: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-lithium.xlsx
 
+Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
+-----------------------------
+
+*premise* imports inventories for the production of a vanadium redox flow battery, used
+for grid-balancing, from the work of Weber_ et al. 2021.
+It is available under the following dataset:
+
+* vanadium-redox flow battery system assembly, 8.3 megawatt hour
+
+The dataset providing electricity is the following:
+
+* electricity supply, high voltage, from vanadium-redox flow battery system
+
+The power capacity for this application is 1MW and the net storage capacity 6 MWh.
+The net capacity considers the internal inefficiencies of the batteries and the
+min Sate-of-Charge, requiring a certain oversizing of the batteries.
+For providing net 6 MWh, a nominal capacity of 8.3 MWh is required for the
+VRFB with the assumed operation parameters. The assumed lifetime of the stack
+is 10 years. The lifetime of the system is 20 years or 8176
+cycle-life (49,000 MWh).
+
+.. _Weber: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02073
+
+These inventories can be found here: LCI_vanadium_redox_flow_batteries_.
+
+.. _LCI_vanadium_redox_flow_batteries: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-vanadium-redox-flow-battery.xlsx
+
+This publication also provides LCIs for Vanadium mining and refining from iron ore.
+The end product is vanadium pentoxide, which is available under the following dataset:
+
+* vanadium pentoxide production
+
+These inventories can be found here: LCI_vanadium_.
+
+.. _LCI_vanadium: https://github.com/polca/premise/blob/master/premise/data/additional_inventories/lci-vanadium.xlsx
 
 Road vehicles
 -------------

docs/transform.rst

@@ -416,6 +416,28 @@ IAM region with their respective current production volumes (also provided by
 ecoinvent). This is not ideal as it supposes that future country-specific
 production volumes will remain the same in respect to one another.
 
+Storage
+-------
+
+If the IAM scenario requires the use of storage, *premise* adds a storage
+dataset to the high voltage market. *premise* can add two types of storage:
+
+* storage via a large-scale flow battery (electricity supply, high voltage, from vanadium-redox flow battery system)
+* storage via the conversion of electricity to hydrogen and subsequent use in a gas turbine (electricity production, from hydrogen-fired one gigawatt gas turbine)
+
+The electricity storage via battery incurs a 33% loss. It is operated by a 8.3 MWh vanadium redox-based flow battery,
+with a lifetime of 20 years or 8176 cycle-lifes (i.e., 49,000 MWh).
+
+The storage of electricity via hydrogen is done in two steps: first, the electricity is converted to hydrogen
+via a 1MW PEM electrolyser, with an efficiency of 62%. The hydrogen is then stored in a geological cavity
+and used in a gas turbine, with an efficiency of 51%. Accounting for leakages and losses, the
+overall efficiency of the process is about 37% (i.e., 2.7 kWh necessary to deliver 1 kWh to the grid).
+
+The efficiency of the H2-fed gas turbine is based on the parameters of Ozawa_ et al. (2019).
+
+.. _Ozawa: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.02.230
+
+
 Medium voltage regional markets
 _______________________________
 

premise/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 __all__ = ("NewDatabase", "clear_cache", "get_regions_definition")
-__version__ = (1, 7, 1)
+__version__ = (1, 7, 2)
 
 from pathlib import Path