HTTP Session package for RESTful API consumption. This project is a wrapper for the Python "requests" library that incorporates features that normally must be added for each project such a automatic Retry support, Base URL sessions, and non-standard authorization header removal on cross-domain redirects. Configuration for each feature is performed by modifying object attributes for the RestSession instance.
Two classes are provided for use: RestSession and RestSessionSingleton.
RestSession is the class that you will likely use most often, and instantiation is identical to the requests_toolbelt.sessions.BaseURLSession class.
You might find the RestSessionSingleton class useful if you have modules in a larger project that must make REST API requests to an endpoint using common attributes, such as authentication. Instantiating and configuring a RestSessionSingleton instance in your project allows you to access the single instance, in any module, and perform requests without re-defining the same attributes.
This project exists because I frequently create projects that use requests in the same manner, and I got tired of repeating myself 😃
This project has been uploaded to PyPi. To install, use the Python pip command:
pip install restsession
Instances can be created explicitly or using a context manager. All methods from the requests library should be available for use.
Explicit implementation example:
from restsession import RestSession
session = RestSession()
result = session.get("https://example.local/path/to/resource")
if result.ok:
# Do something on successOr, for a Singleton session:
from restsession import RestSessionSingleton
session = RestSessionSingleton()
result = session.get("https://example.local/path/to/resource")
if result.ok:
# Do something on successBase URL Session
For projects intended to interact with a single endpoint (for example, RESTCONF on a single network device), Base URL sessions are supported. Base URL sessions allow you to instantiate the class with a common path, and all subsequent requests are made to a path relative to the Base URL. Example:
# Example RESTCONF usage
from restsession import RestSession
session = RestSession(base_url="https://network.device/restconf/data/Cisco-IOS-XE-native:native/")
session.auth = ("username", "password")
session.headers.update({"Content-Type": "application/yang-data+json",
"Accept": "application/yang-data+json"})
result = session.get("interface/GigabitEthernet=1")
print(result.json())Note the trailing slash (/) on the Base URL and the lack of leading slash in the target URL! This is due to the behavior of urllib.parse.urljoin, used to generate the final URL. This behavior can be overridden using the always_relative_url option (see Attributes, below).
All attributes are OPTIONAL. Defaults are set, but can be overridden by modifying the attribute value.
base_url (string): Any valid URL to be used as the base URL for subsequent requests. URLs specified for individual requests should be supplied relative to the base URL, when defined. Default: None
always_relative_url (bool): Override the urllib.parse.urljoin default behavior and assume that any path is relative to the base URL, if one has been defined. This is to reduce headaches which occur from trying to figure out why a path isn't being retrieved because of a missing trailing slash / present leading slash. Default: True
auth (tuple | requests.auth.AuthBase): If provided as a tuple(username, password), specify Basic Authorization for the session. Alternately accepts a custom auth class of type requests.auth.AuthBase. Default: None
remove_headers_on_redirect (list): List of custom auth headers to be removed on cross-domain redirect. Default: None
backoff_factor (float): Exponential backoff factor for retries when a Retry-After header was not returned by the server. Default: 0.3
headers (dict): Headers to include with the request. Note: use headers.update() to leave existing headers intact; explicitly setting headers will override any previously defined or default headers. Default: Content-Type and Accept set to application/json. User-Agent and Keepalive are set.
max_reauth (int): Maximum number of times to attempt to reauthenticate and retry an unauthorized request before an Exception is raised. Default: 3
max_redirects (int): Maximum number of redirects to follow before an Exception is raised. Default: 16
respect_retry_headers (bool): If a Retry-After header is sent by the server, whether to honor the value. If False, immediately retry the request. Default: True
retries (int): Maximum number of retries to perform before an Exception is raised. Default: 3
timeout (float | tuple[float,float]): Request timeout, in seconds. If provided as a tuple, the first value is the connection timeout and the second value is the read timeout (amount of time to wait for data to be returned by the server). A single value uses the same timeout for connect and read. Default: 3
verify (bool): Whether to perform TLS certificate chain validation. Security risk! Only set to False for development purposes, or if you know the risks of disabling TLS validation! Default: True
request_exception_hook (Callable): Callable to handle (and raise) exceptions when request errors are encountered. Default: see "Exceptions", below.
response_hooks (Callable): [Advanced usage] Callable to be invoked after a response is received from the server. Default: None
retry_method_list (list[str]): List of HTTP methods for which retries should be attempted when a status matching retry_status_code_list is received. Default: HEAD, GET, PUT, POST, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS, TRACE
retry_status_code_list (list[int]): List of HTTP status codes that will trigger an automatic retry of the request. Default: 408 (Request timeout), 413 (Payload too large), 429 (Too many requests), 503 (Service unavailable)
safe_arguments (current unused) (bool): If an invalid value is supplied for an attribute, ignore and use the last good value instead of raising an Exception. Default: True
The following project-specific exceptions have been defined and can be imported to your code from the restsession.exceptions module:
RestSessionError is the base exception class from which other exceptions are derived.
InvalidParameterError will be raised if an invalid value or data type is provided for an attribute.
InitializationError will be raised on initial class instantiation if there is a error validating supplied parameters. Currently, the only parameter accepted is base_url, so verify that a valid URL has been supplied if this exception is raised.
By default, exceptions raised by the requests library will be caught and re-raised. See the requests.exceptions documentation for more information.