This project contains code examples that demonstrate how to implement real-time applications and event-driven microservices using the Streams API of Apache Kafka aka Kafka Streams.
For more information take a look at the latest Confluent documentation on the Kafka Streams API, notably the Developer Guide.
Table of Contents
- Available examples
- Requirements
- Packaging and running the examples
- Development
- Version Compatibility Matrix
- Where to find help
This repository has several branches to help you find the correct code examples for the version of Apache Kafka and/or Confluent Platform that you are using. See Version Compatibility Matrix below for details.
There are three kinds of examples:
- Examples under src/main/: These examples are short and concise. Also, you can interactively test-drive these examples, e.g. against a local Kafka cluster. If you want to actually run these examples, then you must first install and run Apache Kafka and friends, which we describe in section Packaging and running the examples. Each example also states its exact requirements and instructions at the very top.
- Examples under src/test/: These examples should test applications under src/main/. Unit Tests with TopologyTestDriver test the stream logic without external system dependencies. The integration tests use an embedded Kafka clusters, feed input data to them (using the standard Kafka producer client), process the data using Kafka Streams, and finally read and verify the output results (using the standard Kafka consumer client). These examples are also a good starting point to learn how to implement your own end-to-end integration tests.
- Ready-to-run Docker Examples: These examples are already built and containerized.
Additional examples may be found under src/main/.
| Application Name | Concepts used | Java 8+ | Java 7+ | Scala |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WordCount | DSL, aggregation, stateful | Java 8+ example | Scala Example | |
| MapFunction | DSL, stateless transformations, map() |
Java 8+ example | Scala Example | |
| SessionWindows | Sessionization of user events, user behavior analysis | Java 7+ example | ||
| GlobalKTable | join() between KStream and GlobalKTable |
Java 8+ example | ||
| PageViewRegion | join() between KStream and KTable |
Java 8+ example | Java 7+ example | |
| PageViewRegionGenericAvro | Working with data in Generic Avro format | Java 8+ example | Java 7+ example | |
| WikipediaFeedSpecificAvro | Working with data in Specific Avro format | Java 8+ example | Java 7+ example | |
| SecureKafkaStreams | Secure, encryption, client authentication | Java 7+ example | ||
| Sum | DSL, stateful transformations, reduce() |
Java 8+ example | ||
| WordCountInteractiveQueries | Interactive Queries, REST, RPC | Java 8+ example | ||
| KafkaMusic | Interactive Queries, State Stores, REST API | Java 8+ example | ||
| ApplicationReset | Application Reset Tool kafka-streams-application-reset |
Java 8+ example | ||
| Microservice | Microservice ecosystem, state stores, dynamic routing, joins, filtering, branching, stateful operations | Java 8+ example |
The stream processing of Kafka Streams can be unit tested with the TopologyTestDriver from the
org.apache.kafka:kafka-streams-test-utils artifact. The test driver allows you to write sample input into your
processing topology and validate its output.
See the documentation at Testing Streams Code.
We also provide several integration tests, which demonstrate end-to-end data pipelines. Here, we spawn embedded Kafka clusters and the Confluent Schema Registry, feed input data to them (using the standard Kafka producer client), process the data using Kafka Streams, and finally read and verify the output results (using the standard Kafka consumer client).
Additional examples may be found under src/test/.
Tip: Run
mvn testto launch the tests.
| Integration Test Name | Concepts used | Java 8+ | Java 7+ | Scala |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WordCount | DSL, aggregation, stateful | Java 8+ Example | Scala Example | |
| WordCountInteractiveQueries | Interactive Queries, REST, RPC | Java 7+ Example | ||
| Aggregate | DSL, groupBy(), aggregate() |
Java 8+ Example | Scala Example | |
| CustomStreamTableJoin | DSL, Processor API, Transformers | Java 8+ Example | ||
| EventDeduplication | DSL, Processor API, Transformers | Java 8+ Example | ||
| GlobalKTable | DSL, global state | Java 7+ Example | ||
| HandlingCorruptedInputRecords | DSL, flatMap() |
Java 8+ Example | ||
| KafkaMusic (Interactive Queries) | Interactive Queries, State Stores, REST API | Java 7+ Example | ||
| MapFunction | DSL, stateless transformations, map() |
Java 8+ Example | ||
| MixAndMatch DSL + Processor API | Integrating DSL and Processor API | Java 8+ Example | ||
| PassThrough | DSL, stream(), to() |
Java 7+ Example | ||
| PoisonPill | DSL, flatMap() |
Java 8+ Example | ||
| ProbabilisticCounting*** | DSL, Processor API, custom state stores | Scala Example | ||
| Reduce (Concatenate) | DSL, groupByKey(), reduce() |
Java 8+ Example | Scala Example | |
| SessionWindows | DSL, windowed aggregation, sessionization | Java 7+ Example | ||
| StatesStoresDSL | DSL, Processor API, Transformers | Java 8+ Example | ||
| StreamToStreamJoin | DSL, join() between KStream and KStream |
Java 7+ Example | ||
| StreamToTableJoin | DSL, join() between KStream and KTable |
Java 7+ Example | Scala Example | |
| Sum | DSL, aggregation, stateful, reduce() |
Java 8+ Example | ||
| TableToTableJoin | DSL, join() between KTable and KTable |
Java 7+ Example | ||
| UserCountsPerRegion | DSL, aggregation, stateful, count() |
Java 8+ Example | ||
| ValidateStateWithInteractiveQueries | Interactive Queries for validating state | Java 8+ Example | ||
| GenericAvro | Working with data in Generic Avro format | Java 7+ Example | Scala Example | |
| SpecificAvro | Working with data in Specific Avro format | Java 7+ Example | Scala Example |
***demonstrates how to probabilistically count items in an input stream by implementing a custom state store (CMSStore) that is backed by a Count-Min Sketch data structure (with the CMS implementation of Twitter Algebird)
This containerized example launches:
- Confluent's Kafka Music demo application for the Kafka Streams API, which makes use of Interactive Queries
- a single-node Apache Kafka cluster with a single-node ZooKeeper ensemble
- a Confluent Schema Registry instance
The Kafka Music application demonstrates how to build of a simple music charts application that continuously computes, in real-time, the latest charts such as latest Top 5 songs per music genre. It exposes its latest processing results -- the latest charts -- via Kafka’s Interactive Queries feature via a REST API. The application's input data is in Avro format, hence the use of Confluent Schema Registry, and comes from two sources: a stream of play events (think: "song X was played") and a stream of song metadata ("song X was written by artist Y").
You can find detailed documentation at https://docs.confluent.io/current/streams/kafka-streams-examples/docs/index.html.
For additional examples that showcase Kafka Streams applications within an event streaming platform, please refer to the examples GitHub repository.
The code in this repository requires Apache Kafka 0.10+ because from this point onwards Kafka includes its Kafka Streams library. See Version Compatibility Matrix for further details, as different branches of this repository may have different Kafka requirements.
For the
masterbranch: To build a development version, you typically need the latesttrunkversion of Apache Kafka (cf.kafka.versionin pom.xml for details). The following instructions will build and locally install the latesttrunkKafka version:$ git clone [email protected]:apache/kafka.git $ cd kafka $ git checkout trunk # Bootstrap gradle wrapper $ gradle # Now build and install Kafka locally $ ./gradlew clean installAll
The code in this repository requires Confluent Schema Registry. See Version Compatibility Matrix for further details, as different branches of this repository have different Confluent Platform requirements.
- Confluent Platform Quickstart (how to download and install)
- Confluent Platform documentation
For the
masterbranch: To build a development version, you typically need the latestmasterversion of Confluent Platform's Schema Registry (cf.confluent.versionin pom.xml, which is set by the upstream Confluent Common project). The following instructions will build and locally install the latestmasterSchema Registry version, which includes building its dependencies such as Confluent Common and Confluent Rest Utils. Please read the Schema Registry README for details.$ git clone https://github.com/confluentinc/common.git $ cd common $ git checkout master # Build and install common locally $ mvn -DskipTests=true clean install $ git clone https://github.com/confluentinc/rest-utils.git $ cd rest-utils $ git checkout master # Build and install rest-utils locally $ mvn -DskipTests=true clean install $ git clone https://github.com/confluentinc/schema-registry.git $ cd schema-registry $ git checkout master # Now build and install schema-registry locally $ mvn -DskipTests=true clean install
Also, each example states its exact requirements at the very top.
If you are using an IDE and import the project you might end up with a "missing import / class not found" error. Some Avro classes are generated from schema files and IDEs sometimes do not generate these classes automatically. To resolve this error, manually run:
$ mvn -Dskip.tests=true compileIf you are using Eclipse, you can also right-click on pom.xml file and choose Run As > Maven generate-sources.
Some code examples require Java 8+, primarily because of the usage of lambda expressions.
IntelliJ IDEA users:
- Open File > Project structure
- Select "Project" on the left.
- Set "Project SDK" to Java 1.8.
- Set "Project language level" to "8 - Lambdas, type annotations, etc."
Scala is required only for the Scala examples in this repository. If you are a Java developer you can safely ignore this section.
If you want to experiment with the Scala examples in this repository, you need a version of Scala that supports Java 8
and SAM / Java lambda (e.g. Scala 2.11 with -Xexperimental compiler flag, or 2.12).
If you are compiling with Java 9+, you'll need to have Scala version 2.12+ to be compatible with the Java version.
The instructions in this section are only needed if you want to interactively test-drive the application examples under src/main/.
Tip: If you only want to run the integration tests (
mvn test), then you do not need to package or install anything -- just runmvn test. These tests launch embedded Kafka clusters.
The first step is to install and run a Kafka cluster, which must consist of at least one Kafka broker as well as at least one ZooKeeper instance. Some examples may also require a running instance of Confluent schema registry. The Confluent Platform Quickstart guide provides the full details.
In a nutshell:
# Ensure you have downloaded and installed Confluent Platform as per the Quickstart instructions above.
# Start ZooKeeper
$ ./bin/zookeeper-server-start ./etc/kafka/zookeeper.properties
# In a separate terminal, start Kafka broker
$ ./bin/kafka-server-start ./etc/kafka/server.properties
# In a separate terminal, start Confluent Schema Registry
$ ./bin/schema-registry-start ./etc/schema-registry/schema-registry.properties
# Again, please refer to the Confluent Platform Quickstart for details such as
# how to download Confluent Platform, how to stop the above three services, etc.The next step is to create a standalone jar ("fat jar") of the application examples:
# Create a standalone jar ("fat jar")
$ mvn clean package
# >>> Creates target/kafka-streams-examples-5.3.1-standalone.jarTip: If needed, you can disable the test suite during packaging, for example to speed up the packaging or to lower JVM memory usage:
$ mvn -DskipTests=true clean package
You can now run the application examples as follows:
# Run an example application from the standalone jar. Here: `WordCountLambdaExample`
$ java -cp target/kafka-streams-examples-5.3.1-standalone.jar \
io.confluent.examples.streams.WordCountLambdaExampleThe application will try to read from the specified input topic (in the above example it is streams-plaintext-input),
execute the processing logic, and then try to write back to the specified output topic (in the above example it is streams-wordcount-output).
In order to observe the expected output stream, you will need to start a console producer to send messages into the input topic
and start a console consumer to continuously read from the output topic. More details in how to run the examples can be found
in the java docs of each example code.
If you want to turn on log4j while running your example application, you can edit the log4j.properties file and then execute as follows:
# Run an example application from the standalone jar. Here: `WordCountLambdaExample`
$ java -cp target/kafka-streams-examples-5.3.1-standalone.jar \
-Dlog4j.configuration=file:src/main/resources/log4j.properties \
io.confluent.examples.streams.WordCountLambdaExampleKeep in mind that the machine on which you run the command above must have access to the Kafka/ZooKeeper clusters you
configured in the code examples. By default, the code examples assume the Kafka cluster is accessible via
localhost:9092 (aka Kafka's bootstrap.servers parameter) and the ZooKeeper ensemble via localhost:2181.
You can override the default bootstrap.servers parameter through a command line argument.
This project uses the standard maven lifecycle and commands such as:
$ mvn compile # This also generates Java classes from the Avro schemas
$ mvn test # Runs unit and integration tests
$ mvn package # Packages the application examples into a standalone jar| Branch (this repo) | Confluent Platform | Apache Kafka |
|---|---|---|
| 5.3.0-post | 5.3.0 | 2.3.0 |
| 5.2.2-post | 5.2.2 | 2.2.1 |
| 5.2.1-post | 5.2.1 | 2.2.1 |
| 5.1.0-post | 5.1.0 | 2.1.0 |
| 5.0.0-post | 5.0.0 | 2.0.0 |
| 4.1.0-post | 4.1.0 | 1.1.0 |
| 4.0.0-post | 4.0.0 | 1.0.0 |
| 3.3.0-post | 3.3.0 | 0.11.0 |
*You must manually build the 2.3 version of Apache Kafka and the 5.3.x version of Confluent Platform. See instructions above.
The master branch of this repository represents active development, and may require additional steps on your side to
make it compile. Check this README as well as pom.xml for any such information.
- Looking for documentation on Apache Kafka's Streams API?
- We recommend to read the Kafka Streams chapter in the Confluent Platform documentation.
- Watch our talk Rethinking Stream Processing with Apache Kafka
- Running into problems to use the demos and examples in this project?
- First, you should check our FAQ wiki for an answer first.
- If the FAQ doesn't help you, create a new GitHub issue.
- Want to ask a question, report a bug in Kafka or its Kafka Streams API, request a new Kafka feature?
- For general questions about Apache Kafka and Confluent Platform, please head over to the Confluent mailing list or to the Apache Kafka mailing lists.