[Test]

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ on:
     branches: ["main", "v1.x"]
     tags: ["v*.*.*"]
   pull_request:
-    branches: ["main", "v1.x"]
 
 permissions:
   contents: read

pyproject.toml

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ dev = [
     "pillow>=12.0",
     "strict-no-cover",
     "logfire>=3.0.0",
+    "opentelemetry-sdk>=1.39.1",
 ]
 docs = [
     "mkdocs>=1.6.1",

src/mcp/server/_typed_request.py

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+"""Typed ``send_request`` for server-to-client requests.
+
+`TypedServerRequestMixin` provides a typed `send_request(req) -> Result` over
+the host's raw `Outbound.send_raw_request`. Spec server-to-client request types
+have their result type inferred via per-type overloads; custom requests pass
+``result_type=`` explicitly.
+
+If the spec's request set grows substantially, consider declaring the result
+mapping on the request types themselves (a ``__mcp_result__`` ClassVar read via
+a structural protocol) so this overload ladder doesn't need maintaining
+per-host-class.
+"""
+
+from typing import Any, TypeVar, overload
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+from mcp.shared.dispatcher import CallOptions, Outbound
+from mcp.shared.peer import dump_params
+from mcp.types import (
+    CreateMessageRequest,
+    CreateMessageResult,
+    ElicitRequest,
+    ElicitResult,
+    EmptyResult,
+    ListRootsRequest,
+    ListRootsResult,
+    PingRequest,
+    Request,
+)
+
+__all__ = ["TypedServerRequestMixin"]
+
+ResultT = TypeVar("ResultT", bound=BaseModel)
+
+_RESULT_FOR: dict[type[Request[Any, Any]], type[BaseModel]] = {
+    CreateMessageRequest: CreateMessageResult,
+    ElicitRequest: ElicitResult,
+    ListRootsRequest: ListRootsResult,
+    PingRequest: EmptyResult,
+}
+
+
+class TypedServerRequestMixin:
+    """Typed ``send_request`` for the server-to-client request set.
+
+    Mixed into `Connection` and the server `Context`. Each method constrains
+    ``self`` to `Outbound` so any host with ``send_raw_request`` works.
+    """
+
+    @overload
+    async def send_request(
+        self: Outbound, req: CreateMessageRequest, *, opts: CallOptions | None = None
+    ) -> CreateMessageResult: ...
+    @overload
+    async def send_request(self: Outbound, req: ElicitRequest, *, opts: CallOptions | None = None) -> ElicitResult: ...
+    @overload
+    async def send_request(
+        self: Outbound, req: ListRootsRequest, *, opts: CallOptions | None = None
+    ) -> ListRootsResult: ...
+    @overload
+    async def send_request(self: Outbound, req: PingRequest, *, opts: CallOptions | None = None) -> EmptyResult: ...
+    @overload
+    async def send_request(
+        self: Outbound, req: Request[Any, Any], *, result_type: type[ResultT], opts: CallOptions | None = None
+    ) -> ResultT: ...
+    async def send_request(
+        self: Outbound,
+        req: Request[Any, Any],
+        *,
+        result_type: type[BaseModel] | None = None,
+        opts: CallOptions | None = None,
+    ) -> BaseModel:
+        """Send a typed server-to-client request and return its typed result.
+
+        For spec request types the result type is inferred. For custom requests
+        pass ``result_type=`` explicitly.
+
+        Raises:
+            MCPError: The peer responded with an error.
+            NoBackChannelError: No back-channel for server-initiated requests.
+            KeyError: ``result_type`` omitted for a non-spec request type.
+        """
+        raw = await self.send_raw_request(req.method, dump_params(req.params), opts)
+        cls = result_type if result_type is not None else _RESULT_FOR[type(req)]
+        return cls.model_validate(raw)

src/mcp/server/connection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+"""`Connection` — per-client connection state and the standalone outbound channel.
+
+Always present on `Context` (never ``None``), even in stateless deployments.
+Holds peer info populated at ``initialize`` time, the per-connection lifespan
+output, and an `Outbound` for the standalone stream (the SSE GET stream in
+streamable HTTP, or the single duplex stream in stdio).
+
+`notify` is best-effort: it never raises. If there's no standalone channel
+(stateless HTTP) or the stream has been dropped, the notification is
+debug-logged and silently discarded — server-initiated notifications are
+inherently advisory. `send_raw_request` *does* raise `NoBackChannelError` when
+there's no channel; `ping` is the only spec-sanctioned standalone request.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from collections.abc import Mapping
+from typing import Any
+
+import anyio
+
+from mcp.server._typed_request import TypedServerRequestMixin
+from mcp.shared.dispatcher import CallOptions, Outbound
+from mcp.shared.exceptions import NoBackChannelError
+from mcp.shared.peer import Meta, dump_params
+from mcp.types import ClientCapabilities, Implementation, LoggingLevel
+
+__all__ = ["Connection"]
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+def _notification_params(payload: dict[str, Any] | None, meta: Meta | None) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+    if not meta:
+        return payload
+    out = dict(payload or {})
+    out["_meta"] = meta
+    return out
+
+
+class Connection(TypedServerRequestMixin):
+    """Per-client connection state and standalone-stream `Outbound`.
+
+    Constructed by `ServerRunner` once per connection. The peer-info fields are
+    ``None`` until ``initialize`` completes; ``initialized`` is set then.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, outbound: Outbound, *, has_standalone_channel: bool) -> None:
+        self._outbound = outbound
+        self.has_standalone_channel = has_standalone_channel
+
+        self.client_info: Implementation | None = None
+        self.client_capabilities: ClientCapabilities | None = None
+        self.protocol_version: str | None = None
+        self.initialized: anyio.Event = anyio.Event()
+        # TODO: make this generic (Connection[StateT]) once connection_lifespan
+        # wiring lands in ServerRunner.
+        self.state: Any = None
+
+    async def send_raw_request(
+        self,
+        method: str,
+        params: Mapping[str, Any] | None,
+        opts: CallOptions | None = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """Send a raw request on the standalone stream.
+
+        Low-level `Outbound` channel. Prefer the typed ``send_request`` (from
+        `TypedServerRequestMixin`) or the convenience methods below; use this
+        directly only for off-spec messages.
+
+        Raises:
+            MCPError: The peer responded with an error.
+            NoBackChannelError: ``has_standalone_channel`` is ``False``.
+        """
+        if not self.has_standalone_channel:
+            raise NoBackChannelError(method)
+        return await self._outbound.send_raw_request(method, params, opts)
+
+    async def notify(self, method: str, params: Mapping[str, Any] | None) -> None:
+        """Send a best-effort notification on the standalone stream.
+
+        Never raises. If there's no standalone channel or the stream is broken,
+        the notification is dropped and debug-logged.
+        """
+        if not self.has_standalone_channel:
+            logger.debug("dropped %s: no standalone channel", method)
+            return
+        try:
+            await self._outbound.notify(method, params)
+        except (anyio.BrokenResourceError, anyio.ClosedResourceError):
+            logger.debug("dropped %s: standalone stream closed", method)
+
+    async def ping(self, *, meta: Meta | None = None, opts: CallOptions | None = None) -> None:
+        """Send a ``ping`` request on the standalone stream.
+
+        Raises:
+            MCPError: The peer responded with an error.
+            NoBackChannelError: ``has_standalone_channel`` is ``False``.
+        """
+        await self.send_raw_request("ping", dump_params(None, meta), opts)
+
+    async def log(self, level: LoggingLevel, data: Any, logger: str | None = None, *, meta: Meta | None = None) -> None:
+        """Send a ``notifications/message`` log entry on the standalone stream. Best-effort."""
+        params: dict[str, Any] = {"level": level, "data": data}
+        if logger is not None:
+            params["logger"] = logger
+        await self.notify("notifications/message", _notification_params(params, meta))
+
+    async def send_tool_list_changed(self, *, meta: Meta | None = None) -> None:
+        await self.notify("notifications/tools/list_changed", _notification_params(None, meta))
+
+    async def send_prompt_list_changed(self, *, meta: Meta | None = None) -> None:
+        await self.notify("notifications/prompts/list_changed", _notification_params(None, meta))
+
+    async def send_resource_list_changed(self, *, meta: Meta | None = None) -> None:
+        await self.notify("notifications/resources/list_changed", _notification_params(None, meta))
+
+    async def send_resource_updated(self, uri: str, *, meta: Meta | None = None) -> None:
+        await self.notify("notifications/resources/updated", _notification_params({"uri": uri}, meta))
+
+    def check_capability(self, capability: ClientCapabilities) -> bool:
+        """Return whether the connected client declared the given capability.
+
+        Returns ``False`` if ``initialize`` hasn't completed yet.
+        """
+        # TODO: redesign — mirrors v1 ServerSession.check_client_capability
+        # verbatim for parity.
+        if self.client_capabilities is None:
+            return False
+        have = self.client_capabilities
+        if capability.roots is not None:
+            if have.roots is None:
+                return False
+            if capability.roots.list_changed and not have.roots.list_changed:
+                return False
+        if capability.sampling is not None and have.sampling is None:
+            return False
+        if capability.elicitation is not None and have.elicitation is None:
+            return False
+        if capability.experimental is not None:
+            if have.experimental is None:
+                return False
+            for k in capability.experimental:
+                if k not in have.experimental:
+                    return False
+        return True

src/mcp/server/context.py

@@ -1,14 +1,23 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any, Generic
+from typing import Any, Generic, Protocol
 
+from pydantic import BaseModel
 from typing_extensions import TypeVar
 
+from mcp.server._typed_request import TypedServerRequestMixin
+from mcp.server.connection import Connection
 from mcp.server.experimental.request_context import Experimental
 from mcp.server.session import ServerSession
 from mcp.shared._context import RequestContext
+from mcp.shared.context import BaseContext
+from mcp.shared.dispatcher import DispatchContext
 from mcp.shared.message import CloseSSEStreamCallback
+from mcp.shared.peer import Meta, PeerMixin
+from mcp.shared.transport_context import TransportContext
+from mcp.types import LoggingLevel, RequestParamsMeta
 
 LifespanContextT = TypeVar("LifespanContextT", default=dict[str, Any])
 RequestT = TypeVar("RequestT", default=Any)
@@ -21,3 +30,88 @@ class ServerRequestContext(RequestContext[ServerSession], Generic[LifespanContex
     request: RequestT | None = None
     close_sse_stream: CloseSSEStreamCallback | None = None
     close_standalone_sse_stream: CloseSSEStreamCallback | None = None
+
+
+LifespanT = TypeVar("LifespanT", default=Any, covariant=True)
+TransportT = TypeVar("TransportT", bound=TransportContext, default=TransportContext, covariant=True)
+
+
+class Context(BaseContext[TransportT], PeerMixin, TypedServerRequestMixin, Generic[LifespanT, TransportT]):
+    """Server-side per-request context.
+
+    Composes `BaseContext` (forwards to `DispatchContext`, satisfies `Outbound`),
+    `PeerMixin` (kwarg-style ``sample``/``elicit_*``/``list_roots``/``ping``),
+    and `TypedServerRequestMixin` (typed ``send_request(req) -> Result``). Adds
+    ``lifespan`` and ``connection``.
+
+    Constructed by `ServerRunner` per inbound request and handed to the user's
+    handler.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        dctx: DispatchContext[TransportT],
+        *,
+        lifespan: LifespanT,
+        connection: Connection,
+        meta: RequestParamsMeta | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__(dctx, meta=meta)
+        self._lifespan = lifespan
+        self._connection = connection
+
+    @property
+    def lifespan(self) -> LifespanT:
+        """The server-wide lifespan output (what `Server(..., lifespan=...)` yielded)."""
+        return self._lifespan
+
+    @property
+    def connection(self) -> Connection:
+        """The per-client `Connection` for this request's connection."""
+        return self._connection
+
+    async def log(self, level: LoggingLevel, data: Any, logger: str | None = None, *, meta: Meta | None = None) -> None:
+        """Send a request-scoped ``notifications/message`` log entry.
+
+        Uses this request's back-channel (so the entry rides the request's SSE
+        stream in streamable HTTP), not the standalone stream — use
+        ``ctx.connection.log(...)`` for that.
+        """
+        params: dict[str, Any] = {"level": level, "data": data}
+        if logger is not None:
+            params["logger"] = logger
+        if meta:
+            params["_meta"] = meta
+        await self.notify("notifications/message", params)
+
+
+HandlerResult = BaseModel | dict[str, Any] | None
+"""What a request handler (or middleware) may return. `ServerRunner` serializes
+all three to a result dict."""
+
+CallNext = Callable[[], Awaitable[HandlerResult]]
+
+_MwLifespanT = TypeVar("_MwLifespanT", contravariant=True)
+
+
+class ContextMiddleware(Protocol[_MwLifespanT]):
+    """Context-tier middleware: ``(ctx, method, typed_params, call_next) -> result``.
+
+    Runs *inside* `ServerRunner._on_request` after params validation and
+    `Context` construction. Wraps registered handlers (including ``ping``) but
+    not ``initialize``, ``METHOD_NOT_FOUND``, or validation failures. Listed
+    outermost-first on `Server.middleware`.
+
+    `Server[L].middleware` holds `ContextMiddleware[L]`, so an app-specific
+    middleware sees `ctx.lifespan: L`. A reusable middleware (no app-specific
+    types) can be typed `ContextMiddleware[object]` — `Context` is covariant in
+    `LifespanT`, so it registers on any `Server[L]`.
+    """
+
+    async def __call__(
+        self,
+        ctx: Context[_MwLifespanT, TransportContext],
+        method: str,
+        params: BaseModel,
+        call_next: CallNext,
+    ) -> HandlerResult: ...

src/mcp/server/lowlevel/server.py

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ async def main():
 from mcp.server.auth.provider import OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider, TokenVerifier
 from mcp.server.auth.routes import build_resource_metadata_url, create_auth_routes, create_protected_resource_routes
 from mcp.server.auth.settings import AuthSettings
-from mcp.server.context import ServerRequestContext
+from mcp.server.context import ContextMiddleware, ServerRequestContext
 from mcp.server.experimental.request_context import Experimental
 from mcp.server.lowlevel.experimental import ExperimentalHandlers
 from mcp.server.models import InitializationOptions
@@ -199,6 +199,9 @@ def __init__(
         ] = {}
         self._experimental_handlers: ExperimentalHandlers[LifespanResultT] | None = None
         self._session_manager: StreamableHTTPSessionManager | None = None
+        # Context-tier middleware consumed by `ServerRunner`. Additive; the
+        # existing `run()` path ignores it.
+        self.middleware: list[ContextMiddleware[LifespanResultT]] = []
         logger.debug("Initializing server %r", name)
 
         # Populate internal handler dicts from on_* kwargs
@@ -246,6 +249,16 @@ def _has_handler(self, method: str) -> bool:
         """Check if a handler is registered for the given method."""
         return method in self._request_handlers or method in self._notification_handlers
 
+    # --- ServerRegistry protocol (consumed by ServerRunner) ------------------
+
+    def get_request_handler(self, method: str) -> Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]] | None:
+        """Return the handler for a request method, or ``None``."""
+        return self._request_handlers.get(method)
+
+    def get_notification_handler(self, method: str) -> Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]] | None:
+        """Return the handler for a notification method, or ``None``."""
+        return self._notification_handlers.get(method)
+
     # TODO: Rethink capabilities API. Currently capabilities are derived from registered
     # handlers but require NotificationOptions to be passed externally for list_changed
     # flags, and experimental_capabilities as a separate dict. Consider deriving capabilities