Add missing Math constants and functions (#631)

.gitignore

@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@
 /lib/
 /bin/
 /.shards/
+.vscode

core/source/Math.mint

@@ -1,5 +1,29 @@
 /* Mathematical functions. */
 module Math {
+  /* Euler's number and the base of natural logarithms; approximately `2.718`. */
+  const E = `Math.E`
+
+  /* Natural logarithm of `10`; approximately `2.303`. */
+  const LN10 = `Math.LN10`
+
+  /* Natural logarithm of `2`; approximately `0.693`. */
+  const LN2 = `Math.LN2`
+
+  /* Base-10 logarithm of `E`; approximately `0.434`. */
+  const LOG10E = `Math.LOG10E`
+
+  /* Base-2 logarithm of `E`; approximately `1.443`. */
+  const LOG2E = `Math.LOG2E`
+
+  /* Ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter; approximately `3.14159`. */
+  const PI = `Math.PI`
+
+  /* Square root of `0.5`; approximately `0.707`. */
+  const SQRT12 = `Math.SQRT1_2`
+
+  /* Square root of `2`; approximately `1.414`. */
+  const SQRT2 = `Math.SQRT2`
+
   /*
   Returns the absolute value of the given number.
 
@@ -10,6 +34,51 @@ module Math {
     `Math.abs(#{number})`
   }
 
+  /* Returns the inverse cosine of the given angle in radians */
+  fun acos (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.acos(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of the given angle in radians */
+  fun acosh (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.acosh(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the inverse sine of the given angle in radians */
+  fun asin (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.asin(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of the given angle in radians */
+  fun asinh (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.asinh(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the inverse tangent of the given angle in radians */
+  fun atan (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.atan(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the angle in the plane (in radians) between the positive x-axis and the ray from (0, 0) to the point (x, y) */
+  fun atan2 (y : Number, x : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.atan2(#{y}, #{x})`
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of the given angle in radians */
+  fun atanh (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.atanh(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /*
+  Returns the cubic root of the given number
+
+    Math.cbrt(1) == 1
+    Math.cbrt(64) == 4
+  */
+  fun cbrt (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.cbrt(#{number})`
+  }
+
   /*
   Returns the smallest integer greater than or equal to the given number.
 
@@ -29,6 +98,41 @@ module Math {
     Math.min(upper, Math.max(lower, value))
   }
 
+  /*
+  Returns the number of leading zero bits in the 32-bit binary representation of a number
+
+   00000000000000000000000000000100
+   Math.clz32(4) == 29
+  */
+  fun clz32 (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.clz32(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the cosine of the given angle in radians */
+  fun cos (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.cos(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the hyperbolic cosine of the given angle in radians */
+  fun cosh (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.cosh(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /* Returns the value of `Math:E` raised to the power x, where x is the given number */
+  fun exp (x : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.exp(#{x})`
+  }
+
+  /*
+  Returns the value of `Math:E` to the power x, minus 1
+
+    Math.exp(2) == 7.38905609893065
+    Math.expm1(2) == 6.38905609893065
+  */
+  fun expm1 (x : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.expm1(#{x})`
+  }
+
   /*
   Returns the largest integer less than or equal to the given number.
 
@@ -48,6 +152,65 @@ module Math {
     `Number((#{b} - (Math.floor(#{b} / #{a}) * #{a})).toPrecision(8))`
   }
 
+  /* Returns the nearest 32-bit single precision float representation of the given number. */
+  fun fround (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.fround(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /*
+  Returns the square root of the sum of squares of its arguments.
+
+    Math.hypot(3, 4) == 5
+  */
+  fun hypot (a : Number, b : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.hypot(#{a}, #{b})`
+  }
+
+  /*
+  Returns the result using C-like 32-bit multiplication of the two parameters.
+
+    Math.imul(3, 4) == 12
+  */
+  fun imul (a : Number, b : number) : Number {
+    `Math.imul(#{a}, #{b})`
+  }
+
+  /*
+  Returns natural logarithm (base e) of the given value
+
+    Math.log(1) == 0
+  */
+  fun log (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.log(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /*
+  Returns natural logarithm (base 10) of the given value
+
+    Math.log10(100) == 10
+  */
+  fun log10 (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.log10(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /*
+  Returns natural logarithm (base e) of the given value, plus 1
+
+    Math.log1p(1) == 0
+  */
+  fun log1p (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.log1p(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /*
+  Returns natural logarithm (base 2) of the given value
+
+    Math.log2(8) == 3
+  */
+  fun log2 (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.log2(#{number})`
+  }
+
   /*
   Returns the highest-valued number from the arguments.
 
@@ -98,6 +261,26 @@ module Math {
     `Math.round(#{number})`
   }
 
+  /*
+  Returns the sign of the given number (1 or -1)
+
+    Math.sign(5) == 1
+    Math.sign(-5) == -1
+  */
+  fun sign (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.sign(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /* Calculates the sine of the given angle in radians */
+  fun sin (value : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.sin(#{value})`
+  }
+
+  /* Calculates the hyperbolic sine of the given angle in radians */
+  fun sinh (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.sinh(#{number})`
+  }
+
   /*
   Returns the square root of the given number
 
@@ -107,6 +290,16 @@ module Math {
     `Math.sqrt(#{value})`
   }
 
+  /* Calculates the tangent of the given angle in radians */
+  fun tan (number : Number) {
+    `Math.tan(#{number})`
+  }
+
+  /* Calculates the hyperbolic tangent of the given angle in radians */
+  fun tanh (number : Number) : Number {
+    `Math.tanh(#{number})`
+  }
+
   /*
   Returns the integer part of a number by removing any fractional digits.