DM-53326: Add provenance cap for inputs

[timj]

Checklist

• ran Jenkins
• added a release note for user-visible changes to doc/changes
• (if changing dimensions.yaml) make a copy of dimensions.yaml in configs/old_dimensions

[erykoff]

This needs a changelog fragment!

And are you sure you don't want a cap on (e.g.) fits files as well? It's not like a fits file with 400Mb of header provenance would be something people want.

[timj]

I usually add the change log fragment once I know it's not all changing.

@TallJimbo you implied that FITS outputs won't really have the tens of thousands of inputs but I can patch obs_base if we think that is a risk. I have pondered whether we can auto switch from including the dataset type and run to not including them but having 3x the number of inputs -- easy to implement but it might be confusing.

[TallJimbo]

Guarding against massive provenance counts in the FITS variant seems prudent even if we don't expect to hit those limits.

But I don't think we should try to support UUID-only provenance as an alternative just to move the cap a little higher. The fallback can just be external (QG) provenance.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 90.47619% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 89.42%. Comparing base (f17f41f) to head (806b7c3).
⚠️ Report is 4 commits behind head on main.
✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
python/lsst/daf/butler/_dataset_provenance.py	80.00%	0 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #1289   +/-   ##
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  Coverage   89.42%   89.42%           
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  Files         367      367           
  Lines       49540    49554   +14     
  Branches     5837     5839    +2     
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+ Hits        44299    44313   +14     
  Misses       3856     3856           
  Partials     1385     1385           

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