Initial implementation of Inheritance and Polymorphic functions

integration_tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -841,6 +841,9 @@ RUN(NAME class_01          LABELS cpython llvm llvm_jit)
 RUN(NAME class_02          LABELS cpython llvm llvm_jit)
 RUN(NAME class_03          LABELS cpython llvm llvm_jit)
 RUN(NAME class_04          LABELS cpython llvm llvm_jit)
+RUN(NAME class_05          LABELS cpython llvm llvm_jit)
+RUN(NAME class_06          LABELS cpython llvm llvm_jit)
+
 
 # callback_04 is to test emulation. So just run with cpython
 RUN(NAME callback_04       IMPORT_PATH .. LABELS cpython)

integration_tests/class_05.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from lpython import i32
+
+class Animal:
+    def __init__(self:"Animal"):
+        self.species: str = "Generic Animal"
+        self.age: i32 = 0
+        self.is_domestic: bool = True
+
+class Dog(Animal):
+    def __init__(self:"Dog", name:str, age:i32):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.species: str = "Dog"
+        self.name: str = name
+        self.age: i32 = age
+
+class Cat(Animal):
+    def __init__(self:"Cat", name: str, age: i32):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.species: str = "Cat"
+        self.name:str = name
+        self.age: i32 = age
+
+def main():
+    dog: Dog = Dog("Buddy", 5)
+    cat: Cat = Cat("Whiskers", 3)
+    op1: str = str(dog.name+" is a "+str(dog.age)+"-year-old "+dog.species+".")
+    print(op1)
+    assert op1 == "Buddy is a 5-year-old Dog."
+    print(dog.is_domestic)
+    assert dog.is_domestic == True
+    op2: str = str(cat.name+ " is a "+ str(cat.age)+ "-year-old "+ cat.species+ ".")
+    print(op2)
+    assert op2 == "Whiskers is a 3-year-old Cat."
+    print(cat.is_domestic)
+    assert cat.is_domestic == True
+
+main()

integration_tests/class_06.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from lpython import i32
+
+class Base():
+    def __init__(self:"Base"):
+        self.x : i32 = 10
+
+    def get_x(self:"Base")->i32:
+        print(self.x)
+        return self.x
+
+#Testing polymorphic fn calls    
+def get_x_static(d: Base)->i32:
+    print(d.x)
+    return d.x
+
+class Derived(Base):
+    def __init__(self: "Derived"):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.y : i32 = 20 
+
+    def get_y(self:"Derived")->i32:
+        print(self.y)
+        return self.y       
+
+
+def main():
+    d : Derived = Derived()
+    x : i32 = get_x_static(d)
+    assert x == 10
+    # Testing parent method call using der obj
+    x = d.get_x()
+    assert x == 10
+    y: i32 = d.get_y()
+    assert y == 20
+
+main()

src/libasr/ASR.asdl

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ ttype
     | Array(ttype type, dimension* dims, array_physical_type physical_type)
     | FunctionType(ttype* arg_types, ttype? return_var_type, abi abi, deftype deftype, string? bindc_name, bool elemental, bool pure, bool module, bool inline, bool static, symbol* restrictions, bool is_restriction)
 
-cast_kind = RealToInteger | IntegerToReal | LogicalToReal | RealToReal | IntegerToInteger | RealToComplex | IntegerToComplex | IntegerToLogical | RealToLogical | CharacterToLogical | CharacterToInteger | CharacterToList | ComplexToLogical | ComplexToComplex | ComplexToReal | ComplexToInteger | LogicalToInteger | RealToCharacter | IntegerToCharacter | LogicalToCharacter | UnsignedIntegerToInteger | UnsignedIntegerToUnsignedInteger | UnsignedIntegerToReal | UnsignedIntegerToLogical | IntegerToUnsignedInteger | RealToUnsignedInteger | CPtrToUnsignedInteger | UnsignedIntegerToCPtr | IntegerToSymbolicExpression | ListToArray
+cast_kind = RealToInteger | IntegerToReal | LogicalToReal | RealToReal | IntegerToInteger | RealToComplex | IntegerToComplex | IntegerToLogical | RealToLogical | CharacterToLogical | CharacterToInteger | CharacterToList | ComplexToLogical | ComplexToComplex | ComplexToReal | ComplexToInteger | LogicalToInteger | RealToCharacter | IntegerToCharacter | LogicalToCharacter | UnsignedIntegerToInteger | UnsignedIntegerToUnsignedInteger | UnsignedIntegerToReal | UnsignedIntegerToLogical | IntegerToUnsignedInteger | RealToUnsignedInteger | CPtrToUnsignedInteger | UnsignedIntegerToCPtr | IntegerToSymbolicExpression | ListToArray | DerivedToBase
 storage_type = Default | Save | Parameter
 access = Public | Private
 intent = Local | In | Out | InOut | ReturnVar | Unspecified

src/libasr/casting_utils.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ namespace LCompilers::CastingUtil {
         {ASR::ttypeType::Complex, ASR::cast_kindType::ComplexToComplex},
         {ASR::ttypeType::Real, ASR::cast_kindType::RealToReal},
         {ASR::ttypeType::Integer, ASR::cast_kindType::IntegerToInteger},
-        {ASR::ttypeType::UnsignedInteger, ASR::cast_kindType::UnsignedIntegerToUnsignedInteger}
+        {ASR::ttypeType::UnsignedInteger, ASR::cast_kindType::UnsignedIntegerToUnsignedInteger},
+        {ASR::ttypeType::StructType, ASR::cast_kindType::DerivedToBase}
     };
 
     int get_type_priority(ASR::ttypeType type) {

src/libasr/codegen/asr_to_llvm.cpp

@@ -7725,6 +7725,11 @@ class ASRToLLVMVisitor : public ASR::BaseVisitor<ASRToLLVMVisitor>
                 tmp = LLVM::CreateLoad(*builder, list_api->get_pointer_to_list_data(tmp));
                 break;
             }
+            case (ASR::cast_kindType::DerivedToBase) : {
+                this->visit_expr(*x.m_arg);
+                tmp = llvm_utils->create_gep(tmp, 0);
+                break;
+            }
             default : throw CodeGenError("Cast kind not implemented");
         }
     }

src/lpython/semantics/python_ast_to_asr.cpp

@@ -784,9 +784,26 @@ class CommonVisitor : public AST::BaseVisitor<Struct> {
             ASR::call_arg_t c_arg;
             c_arg.loc = args[i].loc;
             c_arg.m_value = args[i].m_value;
-            cast_helper(m_args[i], c_arg.m_value, true);
             ASR::ttype_t* left_type = ASRUtils::expr_type(m_args[i]);
             ASR::ttype_t* right_type = ASRUtils::expr_type(c_arg.m_value);
+            if ( ASR::is_a<ASR::StructType_t>(*left_type) && ASR::is_a<ASR::StructType_t>(*right_type) ) {
+                ASR::StructType_t *l_type = ASR::down_cast<ASR::StructType_t>(left_type);
+                ASR::StructType_t *r_type = ASR::down_cast<ASR::StructType_t>(right_type);
+                ASR::Struct_t *l2_type = ASR::down_cast<ASR::Struct_t>(
+                                                ASRUtils::symbol_get_past_external(
+                                                    l_type->m_derived_type));
+                ASR::Struct_t *r2_type = ASR::down_cast<ASR::Struct_t>(
+                                                ASRUtils::symbol_get_past_external(
+                                                    r_type->m_derived_type));
+                if ( ASRUtils::is_derived_type_similar(l2_type, r2_type) ) {
+                    cast_helper(m_args[i], c_arg.m_value, true, true); 
+                    check_type_equality = false;
+                } else {
+                    cast_helper(m_args[i], c_arg.m_value, true);    
+                }
+            } else {
+                cast_helper(m_args[i], c_arg.m_value, true);
+            }
             if( check_type_equality && !ASRUtils::check_equal_type(left_type, right_type) ) {
                 std::string ltype = ASRUtils::type_to_str_python(left_type);
                 std::string rtype = ASRUtils::type_to_str_python(right_type);
@@ -2962,9 +2979,8 @@ class CommonVisitor : public AST::BaseVisitor<Struct> {
         std::string obj_name = x.m_args.m_args->m_arg;
         for(size_t i = 0; i < x.n_body; i++) {
             std::string var_name;
-            if (! AST::is_a<AST::AnnAssign_t>(*x.m_body[i]) ){
-                throw SemanticError("Only AnnAssign implemented in __init__ ",
-                    x.m_body[i]->base.loc);
+            if ( !AST::is_a<AST::AnnAssign_t>(*x.m_body[i]) ){
+                continue;
             }
             AST::AnnAssign_t ann_assign = *AST::down_cast<AST::AnnAssign_t>(x.m_body[i]);
             if(AST::is_a<AST::Attribute_t>(*ann_assign.m_target)){
@@ -3301,10 +3317,21 @@ class CommonVisitor : public AST::BaseVisitor<Struct> {
                 current_scope->add_symbol(x_m_name, class_type);
             }
         } else {
-            if( x.n_bases > 0 ) {
-                throw SemanticError("Inheritance in classes isn't supported yet.",
+            ASR::symbol_t* parent = nullptr;
+            if( x.n_bases > 1 ) {
+                throw SemanticError("Multiple inheritance in classes isn't supported yet.",
                                     x.base.base.loc);
             }
+            else if (x.n_bases == 1) {
+                std::string b_name = "";
+                if ( AST::is_a<AST::Name_t>(*x.m_bases[0]) ) {
+                    b_name = AST::down_cast<AST::Name_t>(x.m_bases[0])->m_id;
+                } else {
+                    throw SemanticError("Expected a Name here", x.base.base.loc);
+                }
+                parent = current_scope->resolve_symbol(b_name);
+                LCOMPILERS_ASSERT(ASR::is_a<ASR::Struct_t>(*parent));
+            }
             SymbolTable *parent_scope = current_scope;
             if( ASR::symbol_t* sym = current_scope->resolve_symbol(x_m_name) ) {
                 LCOMPILERS_ASSERT(ASR::is_a<ASR::Struct_t>(*sym));
@@ -3316,7 +3343,7 @@ class CommonVisitor : public AST::BaseVisitor<Struct> {
                             f = AST::down_cast<AST::FunctionDef_t>(x.m_body[i]);
                         init_self_type(*f, sym, x.base.base.loc);
                         if ( std::string(f->m_name) == std::string("__init__") ) {
-                            this->visit_init_body(*f);
+                            this->visit_init_body(*f, st->m_parent, x.m_body[i]->base.loc);
                         } else {
                             this->visit_stmt(*x.m_body[i]);
                         }
@@ -3344,7 +3371,7 @@ class CommonVisitor : public AST::BaseVisitor<Struct> {
                     member_names.p, member_names.size(), member_fn_names.p,
                     member_fn_names.size(), class_abi, ASR::accessType::Public,
                     false, false, member_init.p, member_init.size(),
-                    nullptr, nullptr));
+                    nullptr, parent));
                 parent_scope->add_symbol(x.m_name, class_sym);
                 visit_ClassMembers(x, member_names, member_fn_names,
                     struct_dependencies, member_init, false, class_abi, true);
@@ -3387,7 +3414,7 @@ class CommonVisitor : public AST::BaseVisitor<Struct> {
         current_scope = parent_scope;
     }
 
-    virtual void visit_init_body (const AST::FunctionDef_t &/*x*/) = 0;
+    virtual void visit_init_body (const AST::FunctionDef_t &/*x*/, ASR::symbol_t* /*parent_sym*/, const Location /*loc*/) = 0;
 
     void add_name(const Location &loc) {
         std::string var_name = "__name__";
@@ -4421,7 +4448,7 @@ class SymbolTableVisitor : public CommonVisitor<SymbolTableVisitor> {
     // Implement visit_Global for Symbol Table visitor.
     void visit_Global(const AST::Global_t &/*x*/) {}
 
-    void visit_init_body (const AST::FunctionDef_t &/*x*/) {
+    void visit_init_body (const AST::FunctionDef_t &/*x*/, ASR::symbol_t* /*parent_sym*/, const Location /*loc*/) {
         //Implemented in BodyVisitor
     }
 
@@ -5153,7 +5180,7 @@ class BodyVisitor : public CommonVisitor<BodyVisitor> {
         tmp = asr;
     }
 
-    void visit_init_body (const AST::FunctionDef_t &x) {
+    void visit_init_body (const AST::FunctionDef_t &x, ASR::symbol_t* parent_sym, const Location loc) {
         SymbolTable *old_scope = current_scope;
         ASR::symbol_t *t = current_scope->get_symbol("__init__");
         if ( t==nullptr ) {
@@ -5163,31 +5190,77 @@ class BodyVisitor : public CommonVisitor<BodyVisitor> {
             throw SemanticError("__init__ is not a function", x.base.base.loc);
         }
         ASR::Function_t *f = ASR::down_cast<ASR::Function_t>(t);
+        current_scope = f->m_symtab;
         //Transform statements into correct format
-        Vec<AST::stmt_t*> new_body;
-        new_body.reserve(al, 1);
+        Vec<AST::stmt_t*> body;
+        body.reserve(al, 1);
+        ASR::stmt_t* super_call_stmt = nullptr;
         for (size_t i=0; i<x.n_body; i++) {
-            AST::AnnAssign_t ann_assign = *AST::down_cast<AST::AnnAssign_t>(x.m_body[i]);
-            if ( ann_assign.m_value != nullptr ) {
-                Vec<AST::expr_t*>target;
-                target.reserve(al, 1);
-                target.push_back(al, ann_assign.m_target);
-                AST::ast_t* assgn_ast = AST::make_Assign_t(al, ann_assign.base.base.loc,
-                    target.p, 1, ann_assign.m_value, nullptr);
-                AST::stmt_t* assgn = AST::down_cast<AST::stmt_t>(assgn_ast);
-                new_body.push_back(al, assgn);
+            if (AST::is_a<AST::AnnAssign_t>(*x.m_body[i])) {
+                AST::AnnAssign_t ann_assign = *AST::down_cast<AST::AnnAssign_t>(x.m_body[i]);
+                if ( ann_assign.m_value != nullptr ) {
+                    Vec<AST::expr_t*>target;
+                    target.reserve(al, 1);
+                    target.push_back(al, ann_assign.m_target);
+                    AST::ast_t* assgn_ast = AST::make_Assign_t(al, ann_assign.base.base.loc,
+                        target.p, 1, ann_assign.m_value, nullptr);
+                    AST::stmt_t* assgn = AST::down_cast<AST::stmt_t>(assgn_ast);
+                    body.push_back(al, assgn);
+                }
+            } else if (AST::is_a<AST::Expr_t>(*x.m_body[i]) && 
+                        AST::is_a<AST::Call_t>(*(AST::down_cast<AST::Expr_t>(x.m_body[i])->m_value))) {
+                AST::Call_t* c = AST::down_cast<AST::Call_t>(AST::down_cast<AST::Expr_t>(x.m_body[i])->m_value);
+
+                if ( !AST::is_a<AST::Attribute_t>(*(c->m_func))  
+                        || !AST::is_a<AST::Call_t>(*(AST::down_cast<AST::Attribute_t>(c->m_func)->m_value)) ) {
+                    body.push_back(al, x.m_body[i]);            
+                    continue;
+                }
+                AST::Call_t* super_call =  AST::down_cast<AST::Call_t>(AST::down_cast<AST::Attribute_t>(c->m_func)->m_value);
+                std::string attr = AST::down_cast<AST::Attribute_t>(c->m_func)->m_attr;
+                if ( AST::is_a<AST::Name_t>(*(super_call->m_func)) && 
+                    std::string(AST::down_cast<AST::Name_t>(super_call->m_func)->m_id)=="super" &&
+                    attr == "__init__") {
+                        if (parent_sym == nullptr) {
+                            throw SemanticError("The class doesn't have a base class",loc);
+                        }   
+                        Vec<ASR::call_arg_t> args;
+                        args.reserve(al, 1);
+                        parse_args(*super_call,args);
+                        ASR::call_arg_t first_arg;
+                        first_arg.loc = loc; 
+                        ASR::symbol_t* self_sym = current_scope->get_symbol("self");
+                        first_arg.m_value = ASRUtils::EXPR(ASR::make_Var_t(al,loc,self_sym));
+                        ASR::ttype_t* target_type = ASRUtils::TYPE(ASRUtils::make_StructType_t_util(al,loc,parent_sym));
+                        cast_helper(target_type, first_arg.m_value, x.base.base.loc, true);
+                        Vec<ASR::call_arg_t> args_w_first; args_w_first.reserve(al,1);
+                        args_w_first.push_back(al, first_arg);
+                        for( size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); i++ ) {
+                            args_w_first.push_back(al,args[i]);
+                        }
+                        std::string call_name = "__init__";
+                        ASR::symbol_t* call_sym = get_struct_member(parent_sym,call_name,loc);
+                        super_call_stmt = ASRUtils::STMT(
+                            ASR::make_SubroutineCall_t(al, loc, call_sym, call_sym, args_w_first.p, 
+                                                        args_w_first.size(), nullptr));
+                }
+            } else {
+                body.push_back(al, x.m_body[i]);
             }
         }
         current_scope = f->m_symtab;
-        Vec<ASR::stmt_t*> body;
-        body.reserve(al, x.n_body);
+        Vec<ASR::stmt_t*> body_asr;
+        body_asr.reserve(al, x.n_body);
+        if ( super_call_stmt ) {
+            body_asr.push_back(al, super_call_stmt);
+        }
         Vec<ASR::symbol_t*> rts;
         rts.reserve(al, 4);
         dependencies.clear(al);
-        transform_stmts(body, new_body.n, new_body.p);
+        transform_stmts(body_asr, body.n, body.p);
         for (const auto &rt: rt_vec) { rts.push_back(al, rt); }
-        f->m_body = body.p;
-        f->n_body = body.size();
+        f->m_body = body_asr.p;
+        f->n_body = body_asr.size();
         ASR::FunctionType_t* func_type = ASR::down_cast<ASR::FunctionType_t>(
                                                         f->m_function_signature);
         func_type->m_restrictions = rts.p;
@@ -6239,10 +6312,14 @@ class BodyVisitor : public CommonVisitor<BodyVisitor> {
             for( size_t i = 0; i < der_type->n_members && !member_found; i++ ) {
                 member_found = std::string(der_type->m_members[i]) == member_name;
             }
-            if( !member_found ) {
+            if( !member_found && !der_type->m_parent ) {
                 throw SemanticError("No member " + member_name +
                                     " found in " + std::string(der_type->m_name),
                                     loc);
+            } else if ( !member_found && der_type->m_parent ) {
+                ASR::ttype_t* parent_type = ASRUtils::TYPE(ASRUtils::make_StructType_t_util(al, loc,der_type->m_parent));
+                visit_AttributeUtil(parent_type,attr_char,t,loc);
+                return;
             }
             ASR::expr_t *val = ASR::down_cast<ASR::expr_t>(ASR::make_Var_t(al, loc, t));
             ASR::symbol_t* member_sym = der_type->m_symtab->resolve_symbol(member_name);
@@ -8064,7 +8141,8 @@ we will have to use something else.
                         //TODO: Correct Class and ClassType
                         // call to struct member function
                         // modifying args to pass the object as self
-                        ASR::symbol_t* der = ASR::down_cast<ASR::StructType_t>(var->m_type)->m_derived_type;
+                        ASR::symbol_t* der_sym = ASR::down_cast<ASR::StructType_t>(var->m_type)->m_derived_type;
+                        ASR::Struct_t* der = ASR::down_cast<ASR::Struct_t>(der_sym);
                         Vec<ASR::call_arg_t> new_args; new_args.reserve(al, args.n + 1);
                         ASR::call_arg_t self_arg;
                         self_arg.loc = args[0].loc;
@@ -8073,7 +8151,20 @@ we will have to use something else.
                         for (size_t i=0; i<args.n; i++) {
                             new_args.push_back(al, args[i]);
                         }
-                        st = get_struct_member(der, call_name, loc);
+                        if ( der->m_symtab->get_symbol(call_name) ) {
+                            st = get_struct_member(der_sym, call_name, loc);
+                        } else if ( der->m_parent ) {
+                            ASR::Struct_t* parent = ASR::down_cast<ASR::Struct_t>(der->m_parent);
+                            if ( !parent->m_symtab->get_symbol(call_name) ) {
+                                throw SemanticError("Method not found in the class "+ std::string(der->m_name) +
+                                    " or it's parents",loc);
+                            } else {
+                                st = get_struct_member(der->m_parent, call_name, loc);
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            throw SemanticError("Method not found in the class "+std::string(der->m_name)+
+                                " or it's parents",loc);    
+                        }
                         tmp = make_call_helper(al, st, current_scope, new_args, call_name, loc);
                         return;
                     } else {

tests/reference/asr-structs_09-f3ffe08.json

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@
     "stdout": null,
     "stdout_hash": null,
     "stderr": "asr-structs_09-f3ffe08.stderr",
-    "stderr_hash": "f59ab2d213f6423e0a891e43d5a19e83d4405391b1c7bf481b4b939e",
+    "stderr_hash": "14119a0bc6420ad242b99395d457f2092014d96d2a1ac81d376c649d",
     "returncode": 2
 }