[ru] Review all translated Glossary terms

[shurup]

While working on #48781, I noticed several issues in the existing (already translated) Glossary terms. This PR fixes all typos and inaccuracies I found, aligns the texts with our current style (e.g., «поды» instead of «Pod'ы»), and syncs some of the terms with their current English versions.

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[Arhell]

/lgtm

[k8s-ci-robot]

LGTM label has been added.

Git tree hash: a5298c50b1d38c6d92ab658da5e5a900fb367535