AI Explainability 360 (v0.3.0)

The AI Explainability 360 toolkit is an open-source library that supports interpretability and explainability of datasets and machine learning models. The AI Explainability 360 Python package includes a comprehensive set of algorithms that cover different dimensions of explanations along with proxy explainability metrics. The AI Explainability 360 toolkit supports tabular, text, images, and time series data.

The AI Explainability 360 interactive experience provides a gentle introduction to the concepts and capabilities by walking through an example use case for different consumer personas. The tutorials and example notebooks offer a deeper, data scientist-oriented introduction. The complete API is also available.

There is no single approach to explainability that works best. There are many ways to explain: data vs. model, directly interpretable vs. post hoc explanation, local vs. global, etc. It may therefore be confusing to figure out which algorithms are most appropriate for a given use case. To help, we have created some guidance material and a taxonomy tree that can be consulted.

We have developed the package with extensibility in mind. This library is still in development. We encourage you to contribute your explainability algorithms, metrics, and use cases. To get started as a contributor, please join the AI Explainability 360 Community on Slack by requesting an invitation here. Please review the instructions to contribute code and python notebooks here.

Supported explainability algorithms

Data explanations

• ProtoDash (Gurumoorthy et al., 2019)
• Disentangled Inferred Prior VAE (Kumar et al., 2018)

Local post-hoc explanations

• ProtoDash (Gurumoorthy et al., 2019)
• Contrastive Explanations Method (Dhurandhar et al., 2018)
• Contrastive Explanations Method with Monotonic Attribute Functions (Luss et al., 2019)
• Exemplar based Contrastive Explanations Method
• Grouped Conditional Expectation (Adaptation of Individual Conditional Expectation Plots by Goldstein et al. to higher dimension )
• LIME (Ribeiro et al. 2016, Github)
• SHAP (Lundberg, et al. 2017, Github)

Time-Series local post-hoc explanations

• Time Series Saliency Maps using Integrated Gradients (Inspired by Sundararajan et al. )
• Time Series LIME (Time series adaptation of the classic paper by Ribeiro et al. 2016 )
• Time Series Individual Conditional Expectation (Time series adaptation of Individual Conditional Expectation Plots Goldstein et al. )

Local direct explanations

• Teaching AI to Explain its Decisions (Hind et al., 2019)
• Order Constraints in Optimal Transport (Lim et al.,2022, Github)

Global direct explanations

• Interpretable Model Differencing (IMD) (Haldar et al., 2023)
• CoFrNets (Continued Fraction Nets) (Puri et al., 2021)
• Boolean Decision Rules via Column Generation (Light Edition) (Dash et al., 2018)
• Generalized Linear Rule Models (Wei et al., 2019)
• Fast Effective Rule Induction (Ripper) (William W Cohen, 1995)

Global post-hoc explanations

• ProfWeight (Dhurandhar et al., 2018)

Supported explainability metrics

• Faithfulness (Alvarez-Melis and Jaakkola, 2018)
• Monotonicity (Luss et al., 2019)

Setup

Supported Configurations:

Installation keyword	Explainer(s)	OS	Python version
cofrnet	cofrnet	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.10
contrastive	cem, cem_maf	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.6
dipvae	dipvae	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.10
gce	gce	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.10
imd	imd	macOS, Ubuntu	3.10
lime	lime	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.10
matching	matching	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.10
nncontrastive	nncontrastive	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.10
profwt	profwt	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.6
protodash	protodash	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.10
rbm	brcg, glrm	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.10
rule_induction	ripper	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.10
shap	shap	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.6
ted	ted	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.10
tsice	tsice	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.10
tslime	tslime	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.10
tssaliency	tssaliency	macOS, Ubuntu, Windows	3.10

(Optional) Create a virtual environment

AI Explainability 360 requires specific versions of many Python packages which may conflict with other projects on your system. A virtual environment manager is strongly recommended to ensure dependencies may be installed safely. If you have trouble installing the toolkit, try this first.

Conda

Conda is recommended for all configurations though Virtualenv is generally interchangeable for our purposes. Miniconda is sufficient (see the difference between Anaconda and Miniconda if you are curious) and can be installed from here if you do not already have it.

Then, create a new python environment based on the explainability algorithms you wish to use by referring to the table above. For example, for python 3.10, use the following command:

conda create --name aix360 python=3.10
conda activate aix360

The shell should now look like (aix360) $. To deactivate the environment, run:

(aix360)$ conda deactivate

The prompt will return back to $ or (base)$.

Note: Older versions of conda may use source activate aix360 and source deactivate (activate aix360 and deactivate on Windows).

Installation

Clone the latest version of this repository:

(aix360)$ git clone https://github.com/Trusted-AI/AIX360

If you'd like to run the examples and tutorial notebooks, download the datasets now and place them in their respective folders as described in aix360/data/README.md.

Then, navigate to the root directory of the project which contains setup.py file and run:

(aix360)$ pip install -e .[<algo1>,<algo2>, ...]

The above command installs packages required by specific algorithms. Here <algo> refers to the installation keyword in table above. For instance to install packages needed by BRCG, DIPVAE, and TSICE algorithms, one could use

(aix360)$ pip install -e .[rbm,dipvae,tsice]

The default command pip install . installs default dependencies alone.

Note that you may not be able to install two algorithms that require different versions of python in the same environment (for instance contrastive along with rbm).

If you face any issues, please try upgrading pip and setuptools and uninstall any previous versions of aix360 before attempting the above step again.

(aix360)$ pip install --upgrade pip setuptools
(aix360)$ pip uninstall aix360

PIP Installation of AI Explainability 360

If you would like to quickly start using the AI explainability 360 toolkit without explicitly cloning this repository, you can use one of these options:

• Install v0.3.0 via repository link

(your environment)$ pip install -e git+https://github.com/Trusted-AI/AIX360.git#egg=aix360[<algo1>,<algo2>,...]

For example, use pip install -e git+https://github.com/Trusted-AI/AIX360.git#egg=aix360[rbm,dipvae,tsice] to install BRCG, DIPVAE, and TSICE. You may need to install cmake if its not already installed in your environment using conda install cmake.

• Install previous version v0.2.1 via pypi

(your environment)$ pip install aix360

v0.2.1 includes fewer explainability algorithms. The pip installable package of v0.3.0 will be made available on pypi soon.

If you follow either of these two options, you will need to download the notebooks available in the examples folder separately.

Dealing with installation errors

AI Explainability 360 toolkit is tested on Windows, MacOS, and Linux. However, if you still face installation issues due to package dependencies, please try installing the corresponding package via conda (e.g. conda install package-name) and then install the toolkit by following the usual steps. For example, if you face issues related to pygraphviz during installation, use conda install pygraphviz and then install the toolkit.

Please use the right python environment based on the table above.

Running in Docker

• Under AIX360 directory build the container image from Dockerfile using docker build -t aix360_docker .
• Start the container image using command docker run -it -p 8888:8888 aix360_docker:latest bash assuming port 8888 is free on your machine.
• Inside the container start jupuyter lab using command jupyter lab --allow-root --ip 0.0.0.0 --port 8888 --no-browser
• Access the sample tutorials on your machine using URL localhost:8888

Using AI Explainability 360

The examples directory contains a diverse collection of jupyter notebooks that use AI Explainability 360 in various ways. Both examples and tutorial notebooks illustrate working code using the toolkit. Tutorials provide additional discussion that walks the user through the various steps of the notebook. See the details about tutorials and examples here.

Citing AI Explainability 360

If you are using AI Explainability 360 for your work, we encourage you to

• Cite the following paper. The bibtex entry is as follows:

@misc{aix360-sept-2019,
title = "One Explanation Does Not Fit All: A Toolkit and Taxonomy of AI Explainability Techniques",
author = {Vijay Arya and Rachel K. E. Bellamy and Pin-Yu Chen and Amit Dhurandhar and Michael Hind
and Samuel C. Hoffman and Stephanie Houde and Q. Vera Liao and Ronny Luss and Aleksandra Mojsilovi\'c
and Sami Mourad and Pablo Pedemonte and Ramya Raghavendra and John Richards and Prasanna Sattigeri
and Karthikeyan Shanmugam and Moninder Singh and Kush R. Varshney and Dennis Wei and Yunfeng Zhang},
month = sept,
year = {2019},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.03012}
}

• Put a star on this repository.

• Share your success stories with us and others in the AI Explainability 360 Community.

AIX360 Videos

• Introductory video to AI Explainability 360 by Vijay Arya and Amit Dhurandhar, September 5, 2019 (35 mins)

Acknowledgements

AIX360 is built with the help of several open source packages. All of these are listed in setup.py and some of these include:

• Tensorflow https://www.tensorflow.org/about/bib
• Pytorch https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch
• scikit-learn https://scikit-learn.org/stable/about.html

License Information

Please view both the LICENSE file and the folder supplementary license present in the root directory for license information.