fix(core): Ensure debugIds are applied to all exceptions in an event

[Lms24]

While investigating #14841, I noticed that we had some brittle non-null assertions in our applyDebugIds function which would cause the debug id application logic to terminate early, in case we'd encounter an event.exception.values item without a stack trace. The added regression test illustrates the scenario in which debug ids would not have been applied to the second exception prior to this fix.

The nice thing about this fix is that it should even further decrease bundle size than the try/catch logic we had before because we can now use optional chaining in v9.

(I'll probably open another PR for the same problem in applyDebugMeta) Added to this PR as it really belonged together to get debugIds working in this scenario.

[github-actions]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size	% Change	Change
@sentry/browser	23.03 KB	+0.83%	+194 B 🔺
@sentry/browser - with treeshaking flags	21.75 KB	+0.75%	+164 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	35.56 KB	+0.41%	+147 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	72.87 KB	+0.22%	+158 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	63.26 KB	+0.26%	+162 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	77.26 KB	+0.2%	+152 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	89.64 KB	+0.17%	+153 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	39.78 KB	+0.42%	+170 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	27.65 KB	+0.59%	+166 B 🔺
@sentry/browser (incl. FeedbackAsync)	32.42 KB	+0.52%	+170 B 🔺
@sentry/react	25.78 KB	+0.63%	+164 B 🔺
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	38.41 KB	+0.44%	+169 B 🔺
@sentry/vue	27.27 KB	+0.56%	+153 B 🔺
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	37.43 KB	+0.4%	+151 B 🔺
@sentry/svelte	23.2 KB	+0.79%	+184 B 🔺
CDN Bundle	24.4 KB	+0.7%	+172 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	35.94 KB	+0.49%	+178 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	71.05 KB	+0.23%	+162 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	76.27 KB	+0.24%	+185 B 🔺
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	71.54 KB	+0.75%	+544 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	107 KB	+0.5%	+544 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	221.24 KB	+0.25%	+544 B 🔺
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback) - uncompressed	234.11 KB	+0.23%	+544 B 🔺
@sentry/nextjs (client)	38.7 KB	+0.43%	+168 B 🔺
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	36.11 KB	+0.45%	+165 B 🔺
@sentry/node	163.01 KB	+0.03%	+42 B 🔺
@sentry/node - without tracing	98.76 KB	+0.03%	+24 B 🔺
@sentry/aws-serverless	128.6 KB	+0.02%	+20 B 🔺

View base workflow run

[Lms24]

Wait, how does this increase bundle size? 😢

Update: Looks like we accidentally still polyfill _optionalChain via sucrase. Which will be adressed via #14882