Fix mangled Protobuf.EncodeError (#386)

Because of the recursive implementation of `encode_fields`, unrelated
fields would get mixed up in encode errors.

For example, our struct `%TestMsg.Foo` has fields `:a`, `:b`, `:c`,
`:d`, `e` (and more...). If we had an error at `:e`, we would get the
error popping up for all fields coming before it:

```elixir
iex(1)>  %TestMsg.Foo{a: 90, e: %TestMsg.Foo.Bar{a: "not_a_number"}} |> Protobuf.encode()
** (Protobuf.EncodeError) Got error when encoding TestMsg.Foo#a: ** (Protobuf.EncodeError) Got error when encoding TestMsg.Foo#b: ** (Protobuf.EncodeError) Got error when encoding TestMsg.Foo#c: ** (Protobuf.EncodeError) Got error when encoding TestMsg.Foo#d: ** (Protobuf.EncodeError) Got error when encoding TestMsg.Foo#e: ** (Protobuf.EncodeError) Got error when encoding TestMsg.Foo.Bar#a: ** (Protobuf.EncodeError) "not_a_number" is invalid for type :int32
    (protobuf 0.13.0) lib/protobuf/encoder.ex:71: Protobuf.Encoder.encode_fields/5
    (protobuf 0.13.0) lib/protobuf/encoder.ex:33: Protobuf.Encoder.encode_with_message_props/2
    (protobuf 0.13.0) lib/protobuf/encoder.ex:18: Protobuf.Encoder.encode/1
    iex:1: (file)
```

After the patch, only the relevant fields are mentioned in the error:
```elixir
iex(3)> %TestMsg.Foo{a: 90, e: %TestMsg.Foo.Bar{a: "not_a_number"}} |> Protobuf.encode()
** (Protobuf.EncodeError) Got error when encoding TestMsg.Foo#e: ** (Protobuf.EncodeError) Got error when encoding TestMsg.Foo.Bar#a: ** (Protobuf.EncodeError) "not_a_number" is invalid for type :int32
    (protobuf 0.13.0) lib/protobuf/encoder.ex:75: Protobuf.Encoder.encode_field/4
    (protobuf 0.13.0) lib/protobuf/encoder.ex:63: Protobuf.Encoder.encode_fields/5
    (protobuf 0.13.0) lib/protobuf/encoder.ex:33: Protobuf.Encoder.encode_with_message_props/2
    (protobuf 0.13.0) lib/protobuf/encoder.ex:18: Protobuf.Encoder.encode/1
    iex:3: (file)
```

lib/protobuf/encoder.ex

@@ -60,17 +60,21 @@ defmodule Protobuf.Encoder do
       end
 
     acc =
-      case encode_field(class_field(prop), val, syntax, prop) do
+      case encode_field(prop, struct.__struct__, val, syntax) do
         {:ok, iodata} -> [acc | iodata]
         :skip -> acc
       end
 
     encode_fields(rest, syntax, struct, oneofs, acc)
+  end
+
+  defp encode_field(prop, struct_mod, val, syntax) do
+    do_encode_field(class_field(prop), val, syntax, prop)
   rescue
     error ->
       raise Protobuf.EncodeError,
         message:
-          "Got error when encoding #{inspect(struct.__struct__)}##{prop.name_atom}: #{Exception.format(:error, error)}"
+          "Got error when encoding #{inspect(struct_mod)}##{prop.name_atom}: #{Exception.format(:error, error)}"
   end
 
   defp skip_field?(_syntax, [], _prop), do: true
@@ -88,7 +92,7 @@ defmodule Protobuf.Encoder do
   defp skip_field?(:proto3, false, %FieldProps{oneof: nil}), do: true
   defp skip_field?(_syntax, _val, _prop), do: false
 
-  defp encode_field(
+  defp do_encode_field(
          :normal,
          val,
          syntax,
@@ -102,11 +106,11 @@ defmodule Protobuf.Encoder do
     end
   end
 
-  defp encode_field(:embedded, _val = nil, _syntax, _prop) do
+  defp do_encode_field(:embedded, _val = nil, _syntax, _prop) do
     :skip
   end
 
-  defp encode_field(
+  defp do_encode_field(
          :embedded,
          val,
          syntax,
@@ -131,7 +135,7 @@ defmodule Protobuf.Encoder do
     {:ok, result}
   end
 
-  defp encode_field(:packed, val, syntax, %FieldProps{type: type, encoded_fnum: fnum} = prop) do
+  defp do_encode_field(:packed, val, syntax, %FieldProps{type: type, encoded_fnum: fnum} = prop) do
     if skip_field?(syntax, val, prop) or skip_enum?(syntax, val, prop) do
       :skip
     else
@@ -251,7 +255,7 @@ defmodule Protobuf.Encoder do
     Enum.reduce(pb_exts, [], fn {{ext_mod, key}, val}, acc ->
       case Protobuf.Extension.get_extension_props(mod, ext_mod, key) do
         %{field_props: prop} ->
-          case encode_field(class_field(prop), val, :proto2, prop) do
+          case do_encode_field(class_field(prop), val, :proto2, prop) do
             {:ok, iodata} -> [acc | iodata]
             :skip -> acc
           end

test/protobuf/encoder_test.exs

@@ -296,6 +296,17 @@ defmodule Protobuf.EncoderTest do
     end
   end
 
+  test "raises correct error for nested protobufs" do
+    message = """
+    Got error when encoding TestMsg.Foo#e: ** (Protobuf.EncodeError) Got error when \
+    encoding TestMsg.Foo.Bar#a: ** (Protobuf.EncodeError) "not_a_number" is invalid for type :int32\
+    """
+
+    assert_raise Protobuf.EncodeError, message, fn ->
+      Encoder.encode(%TestMsg.Foo{a: 90, e: %TestMsg.Foo.Bar{a: "not_a_number"}})
+    end
+  end
+
   test "encodes with transformer module" do
     msg = %TestMsg.ContainsTransformModule{field: 0}
     assert Encoder.encode(msg) == <<10, 0>>