.NET 9 native embedding sample (#511)

* Sample update (WIP).

* More Android implementation.

* Make the Android app work.

* Support window context on Android.

* Update min MacCat version.

9.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/AndroidManifest.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
+  <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@mipmap/appicon" android:label="@string/app_name" android:roundIcon="@mipmap/appicon_round" android:supportsRtl="true">
+  </application>
+  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
+</manifest>

9.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/FirstFragment.cs

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+using Android.Runtime;
+using Android.Views;
+using AndroidX.Navigation.Fragment;
+using Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Embedding;
+using static Android.Views.ViewGroup.LayoutParams;
+using Button = Android.Widget.Button;
+using Fragment = AndroidX.Fragment.App.Fragment;
+using View = Android.Views.View;
+
+namespace NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid;
+
+[Register("com.companyname.nativeembeddingdemo." + nameof(FirstFragment))]
+public class FirstFragment : Fragment
+{
+    Activity? _window;
+    IMauiContext? _windowContext;
+    MyMauiContent? _mauiView;
+    Android.Views.View? _nativeView;
+
+    public IMauiContext WindowContext =>
+        _windowContext ??= MyEmbeddedMauiApp.Shared.CreateEmbeddedWindowContext(_window ?? throw new InvalidOperationException());
+
+    public override View? OnCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup? container, Bundle? savedInstanceState) =>
+        inflater.Inflate(Resource.Layout.fragment_first, container, false);
+
+    public override void OnViewCreated(View view, Bundle? savedInstanceState)
+    {
+        base.OnViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
+        _window ??= Activity;
+
+        // Create Android button
+        var androidButton = view.FindViewById<Button>(Resource.Id.button_first)!;
+        androidButton.Click += (s, e) =>
+        {
+            NavHostFragment.FindNavController(this).Navigate(Resource.Id.action_FirstFragment_to_SecondFragment);
+        };
+
+        var animateButton = view.FindViewById<Button>(Resource.Id.button_animate)!;
+        animateButton.Click += OnAndroidButtonClicked;
+
+        //// App context
+        //// Ensure .NET MAUI app is built before creating .NET MAUI views
+        //var mauiApp = MauiProgram.CreateMauiApp();
+
+        //// Create .NET MAUI context
+        //var mauiContext = new MauiContext(mauiApp.Services, Activity);
+
+        //// Create .NET MAUI content
+        //_mauiView = new MyMauiContent();
+
+        //// Create native view
+        //_nativeView = _mauiView.ToPlatformEmbedded(mauiContext);
+
+        // Window context
+        // Create MAUI embedded window context
+        var context = WindowContext;
+
+        // Create .NET MAUI content
+        _mauiView = new MyMauiContent();
+
+        // Create native view
+        _nativeView = _mauiView.ToPlatformEmbedded(context);
+
+        // Add native view to layout
+        var rootLayout = view.FindViewById<LinearLayout>(Resource.Id.layout_first)!;
+        rootLayout.AddView(_nativeView, 1, new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(MatchParent, WrapContent));
+    }
+
+    public override void OnDestroyView()
+    {
+        base.OnDestroyView();
+
+        // Remove the view from the UI
+        var rootLayout = View!.FindViewById<LinearLayout>(Resource.Id.layout_first)!;
+        rootLayout.RemoveView(_nativeView);
+
+        // Cleanup any Window
+        if (_mauiView?.Window is IWindow window)
+            window.Destroying();
+
+        base.OnStop();
+    }
+
+    async void OnAndroidButtonClicked(object? sender, EventArgs e)
+    {
+        if (_mauiView?.DotNetBot is not Image bot)
+            return;
+
+        await bot.RotateTo(360, 1000);
+        bot.Rotation = 0;
+
+        bot.HeightRequest = 90;
+    }
+
+}

9.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/MainActivity.cs

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+using Android.Views;
+using AndroidX.AppCompat.App;
+using AndroidX.Navigation;
+using AndroidX.Navigation.UI;
+using Google.Android.Material.FloatingActionButton;
+using Google.Android.Material.Snackbar;
+using Toolbar = AndroidX.AppCompat.Widget.Toolbar;
+
+namespace NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid
+{
+    [Activity(Label = "@string/app_name", MainLauncher = true, Theme = "@style/Theme.MyApplication")]
+    public class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity
+    {
+        AppBarConfiguration? appBarConfiguration;
+
+        protected override void OnCreate(Bundle? savedInstanceState)
+        {
+            base.OnCreate(savedInstanceState);
+
+            // Set the view from the "main" layout resource
+            SetContentView(Resource.Layout.activity_main);
+
+            var toolbar = FindViewById<Toolbar>(Resource.Id.toolbar);
+            SetSupportActionBar(toolbar);
+
+            var navController = Navigation.FindNavController(this, Resource.Id.nav_host_fragment_content_main);
+            appBarConfiguration = new AppBarConfiguration.Builder(navController.Graph).Build();
+            NavigationUI.SetupActionBarWithNavController(this, navController, appBarConfiguration);
+
+            var fab = FindViewById<FloatingActionButton>(Resource.Id.fab)!;
+            fab.Click += (s, e) =>
+            {
+                var snackBar = Snackbar.Make(fab, "Replace with your own action", Snackbar.LengthLong);
+                snackBar.SetAnchorView(Resource.Id.fab);
+                snackBar.SetAction("Action", _ => { });
+                snackBar.Show();
+            };
+        }
+
+        public override bool OnCreateOptionsMenu(IMenu? menu)
+        {
+            MenuInflater.Inflate(Resource.Menu.menu_main, menu);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public override bool OnOptionsItemSelected(IMenuItem item)
+        {
+            var id = item.ItemId;
+            if (id == Resource.Id.SettingsFragment)
+            {
+                var navController = Navigation.FindNavController(this, Resource.Id.nav_host_fragment_content_main);
+                if (NavigationUI.OnNavDestinationSelected(item, navController))
+                    return true;
+            }
+            return base.OnOptionsItemSelected(item);
+        }
+
+        public override bool OnSupportNavigateUp()
+        {
+            var navController = Navigation.FindNavController(this, Resource.Id.nav_host_fragment_content_main);
+            return NavigationUI.NavigateUp(navController, appBarConfiguration!) || base.OnSupportNavigateUp();
+        }
+    }
+}

9.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/MyEmbeddedMauiApp.cs

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+namespace NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid;
+
+public static class MyEmbeddedMauiApp
+{
+    static MauiApp? _shared;
+
+    public static MauiApp Shared =>
+        _shared ??= MauiProgram.CreateMauiApp();
+}

9.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid.csproj

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+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+	<PropertyGroup>
+		<TargetFramework>net9.0-android</TargetFramework>
+		<SupportedOSPlatformVersion>21</SupportedOSPlatformVersion>
+		<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+		<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
+		<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
+
+		<UseMaui>true</UseMaui>
+		<MauiEnablePlatformUsings>true</MauiEnablePlatformUsings>
+
+		<!-- Visual Studio doesn't support Hot Reload in non-MAUI apps -->
+		<EnableHotReload>false</EnableHotReload>
+
+		<ApplicationId>com.companyname.nativeembeddingdemo</ApplicationId>
+		<ApplicationVersion>1</ApplicationVersion>
+		<ApplicationDisplayVersion>1.0</ApplicationDisplayVersion>
+	</PropertyGroup>
+	<ItemGroup>
+	  <None Remove="Resources\values\dimens.xml" />
+	  <None Remove="Resources\values\themes.xml" />
+	</ItemGroup>
+
+	<ItemGroup>
+		<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Maui.Controls" Version="$(MauiVersion)" />
+		<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Maui.Controls.Compatibility" Version="$(MauiVersion)" />
+	</ItemGroup>
+
+	<ItemGroup>
+		<ProjectReference Include="..\NativeEmbeddingDemo\NativeEmbeddingDemo.csproj" />
+	</ItemGroup>
+
+</Project>

9.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/Resources/AboutResources.txt

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+Images, layout descriptions, binary blobs and string dictionaries can be included 
+in your application as resource files.  Various Android APIs are designed to 
+operate on the resource IDs instead of dealing with images, strings or binary blobs 
+directly.
+
+For example, a sample Android app that contains a user interface layout (main.xml),
+an internationalization string table (strings.xml) and some icons (drawable-XXX/icon.png) 
+would keep its resources in the "Resources" directory of the application:
+
+Resources/
+    drawable/
+        icon.png
+
+    layout/
+        main.xml
+
+    values/
+        strings.xml
+
+In order to get the build system to recognize Android resources, set the build action to
+"AndroidResource".  The native Android APIs do not operate directly with filenames, but 
+instead operate on resource IDs.  When you compile an Android application that uses resources, 
+the build system will package the resources for distribution and generate a class called "Resource" 
+(this is an Android convention) that contains the tokens for each one of the resources 
+included. For example, for the above Resources layout, this is what the Resource class would expose:
+
+public class Resource {
+    public class Drawable {
+        public const int icon = 0x123;
+    }
+
+    public class Layout {
+        public const int main = 0x456;
+    }
+
+    public class Strings {
+        public const int first_string = 0xabc;
+        public const int second_string = 0xbcd;
+    }
+}
+
+You would then use Resource.Drawable.icon to reference the drawable/icon.png file, or 
+Resource.Layout.main to reference the layout/main.xml file, or Resource.Strings.first_string 
+to reference the first string in the dictionary file values/strings.xml.

9.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/Resources/layout/activity_main.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout
+    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
+    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="match_parent"
+    android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
+
+    <com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
+
+        <com.google.android.material.appbar.MaterialToolbar
+            android:id="@+id/toolbar"
+            android:layout_width="match_parent"
+            android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize" />
+
+    </com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout>
+
+    <include layout="@layout/content_main" />
+
+    <com.google.android.material.floatingactionbutton.FloatingActionButton
+        android:id="@+id/fab"
+        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_gravity="bottom|end"
+        android:layout_marginEnd="@dimen/fab_margin"
+        android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
+        app:srcCompat="@android:drawable/ic_dialog_email" />
+
+</androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout>

9.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/Resources/layout/content_main.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
+    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="match_parent"
+    app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">
+
+    <fragment
+        android:id="@+id/nav_host_fragment_content_main"
+        android:name="androidx.navigation.fragment.NavHostFragment"
+        android:layout_width="0dp"
+        android:layout_height="0dp"
+        app:defaultNavHost="true"
+        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
+        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
+        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
+        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
+        app:navGraph="@navigation/nav_graph" />
+
+</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

9.0/PlatformIntegration/NativeEmbeddingDemo/NativeEmbeddingDemo.Droid/Resources/layout/fragment_first.xml

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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<androidx.core.widget.NestedScrollView
+    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
+    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="match_parent">
+
+    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
+        android:layout_height="match_parent"
+        android:padding="16dp">
+
+        <Button
+            android:id="@+id/button_first"
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:text="@string/next"
+            app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@id/layout_first"
+            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
+
+        <LinearLayout
+            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+            android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
+            app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
+            app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/button_first"
+            android:orientation="vertical"
+            android:id="@+id/layout_first"
+            android:padding="8dp">
+
+            <Button
+                android:id="@+id/button_animate"
+                android:layout_width="match_parent"
+                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+                android:text="Android button above .NET MAUI controls" />
+
+            <!-- .NET MAUI content will go here. -->
+
+        </LinearLayout>
+
+    </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
+
+</androidx.core.widget.NestedScrollView>