Update 2024-03-13-hydrogen-microbiology.md

_posts/2024-03-13-hydrogen-microbiology.md

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 Hydrogen is defined as an “energy vector” and not as a direct energy source, why?
 Hydrogen can be defined as an energy carrier because it stores energy and enables its transport and distribution. As I mentioned before, H2 “carries” energy when it is the product of artificial reactions such as electrolysis, made through the use of external energy, in this case corresponding to the surplus energy produced by the different Renewable Energy Sources (RES). The power of this vector lies in allowing the utilization of the surplus energy for future necessities on a small and large scale, completely in sync with society's energy demand. 
 It is worthwhile to clarify that H2 is also a natural energy source because it is already present on our planet and we know of several geothermal seeps where it is naturally released. Recent studies have shown that the estimated planetary H2 amount is enormous, although we still have not been able to discover it in its entirety. In particular, in the paper entitled “Hidden Hydrogen” published in the journal Science, Eric Hand affirms: “There might be enough natural hydrogen to meet burgeoning global demand for thousands of years”. This could be an outstanding discovery because H2 could become the first existing energy source to be both natural and renewable, and to be exploited without big negative effects on the Earth's climate.
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 What are the advantages and what are the critical issues of hydrogen storage?
 One of the main advantages is that H2 is easy to be produced artificially, it can be a natural and renewable resource present on our planet in important quantities and it can be widely used on small to large scale. Compared to the other RES, H2 can be continuously available and in sync with society's peak energy demand. 
 On the other hand, all that glitter is not gold: H2 is highly inflammable, and due to its small size it is also highly volatile. To overcome these two problems, the so-called Underground Hydrogen Storage seems to be the best solution, because H2 can be safely protected from the atmospheric O2 and also from potential terrorist attacks and at the same time it can be properly trapped in the rock pores. The more studied underground environments for this purpose are aquifers, salt caverns and natural gas/oil porous reservoirs. Particular interest is addressed to the latter for medium and long-term hydrogen storage solutions because of the presence of existing infrastructures that could be re-utilized for hydrogen injection and recovery cycles. This strategy makes hydrogen usable with the times and methods already developed for natural gas, ensuring high safety and versatility in energy production.