[SPARK-52586][SQL] Introduce AnyTimeType

[MaxGekk]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

In the PR, I propose to introduce the abstract class AnyTimeType and its companion object that represents the TIME type of any valid precision. Also added the default precision value which is set to 6 (microseconds) at the moment.

Why are the changes needed?

1. This abstract class (and its companion) can be used in checks of input types like inputTypes() of ExpectsInputTypes. Apparently, instead of pointing out all valid TIME types: TIME(0), TIME(1), ..., TIME(6), and in the future TIME(7)..TIME(9), devs could refer to only AnyTimeType.
2. Improve user-facing errors like DATATYPE_MISMATCH.UNEXPECTED_INPUT_TYPE which mentions all precisions of the TIME type.

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

No.

How was this patch tested?

By running the affected and modified test suites:

$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *TimeExpressionsSuite"
$ build/sbt "sql/testOnly org.apache.spark.sql.SQLQueryTestSuite -- -z time.sql"
$ build/sbt "sql/testOnly org.apache.spark.sql.SQLQueryTestSuite -- -z timestamp-ntz.sql"

Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.

[MaxGekk]

@LuciferYang @yaooqinn @dongjoon-hyun Could you review this PR, please.

[dongjoon-hyun]

+1, LGTM. Thank you, @MaxGekk .

[dongjoon-hyun]

Merged to master for Apache Spark 4.1.0. Thank you for polishing this area.

[LuciferYang]

late LGTM, Thank you @MaxGekk