feat: python based catalog and schema provider

[timsaucer]

Which issue does this PR close?

Closes #1091

Rationale for this change

This PR builds on top of #1137 and adds python based schema and catalog providers.

What changes are included in this PR?

Creates wrapper types around python based schema and catalog providers.
Adds checks for when we are going python->rust->python and short circuit to return the python original object rather than wrapper.
Adds unit test

Are there any user-facing changes?

No

Status

Leaving as draft until the following are complete:

• We need abstract base classes for the catalog and schema providers for users to implement
• Verify all combinations of default vs user provided python catalog, schema, table providers work in unit tests - this is mostly done
• Add full end-to-end test of registering custom catalog, schema, table and then do a SQl query against it
• Update online documentation

[timsaucer]

FYI @renato2099 getting the python based providers ended up being a blocking issue for some of my work so I took a stab at implementing it. Please tell me what you think if you have some time.