GH-45137: [CI][C++] Add a GCC 15 job

[kou]

Rationale for this change

GCC 15 isn't released yet but we'll be able to add support for the latest GCC in a timely manner with this.

What changes are included in this PR?

Add a GCC 15 job based on Debian GNU/Linux experimental.

Are these changes tested?

Yes.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

• GitHub Issue: [CI][C++] Add a GCC 15 job #45137

[kou]

@github-actions crossbow submit test-debian-experimental-cpp-gcc-15

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #45137 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[github-actions]

Revision: a857e02

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-48d932260e

Task	Status
test-debian-experimental-cpp-gcc-15

[jonkeane]

Thanks for this!

As you mentioned in #44970, this doesn't yet work because we have (at least one...) deprecated use so will need to improve C++20 for this to go cleanly.

What do you think about adding ~test-debian-experimental-cpp-gcc-15 so this job is excluded from running automatically, but we can make PRs to do the cleanup for C++20 and still confirm that those are getting us closer?

to

arrow/dev/tasks/tasks.yml

Line 159 in a857e02

- test-*

and

arrow/dev/tasks/tasks.yml

Line 76 in a857e02

- test-*

[jonkeane]

Oh, cleaver using a suffix that when it is "" just installs the default. Nice.

[jonkeane]

This is just s/GCC_VERSION/GCC/ and then alphabetically ordering, yeah?

[kou]

Right.

[jonkeane]

Thanks

[kou]

What do you think about adding ~test-debian-experimental-cpp-gcc-15 so this job is excluded from running automatically, but we can make PRs to do the cleanup for C++20 and still confirm that those are getting us closer?

It's a good idea! I've added it.

[kou]

TODO:

https://github.com/ursacomputing/crossbow/actions/runs/12559814148/job/35016145241#step:7:5301

FAILED: src/arrow/CMakeFiles/arrow_array.dir/array/array_nested.cc.o 
/usr/local/bin/sccache /usr/lib/ccache/g++-15 -DARROW_HAVE_RUNTIME_AVX2 -DARROW_HAVE_RUNTIME_AVX512 -DARROW_HAVE_RUNTIME_BMI2 -DARROW_HAVE_RUNTIME_SSE4_2 -DARROW_HAVE_SSE4_2 -DARROW_WITH_TIMING_TESTS -I/build/cpp/src -I/arrow/cpp/src -I/arrow/cpp/src/generated -Wredundant-move -Wno-noexcept-type -Wno-self-move  -fdiagnostics-color=always  -Wall -Wno-conversion -Wno-sign-conversion -Wdate-time -Wimplicit-fallthrough -Wunused-result -fno-semantic-interposition -msse4.2  -g -Werror -O0 -ggdb -g1 -std=c++20 -fPIC -MD -MT src/arrow/CMakeFiles/arrow_array.dir/array/array_nested.cc.o -MF src/arrow/CMakeFiles/arrow_array.dir/array/array_nested.cc.o.d -o src/arrow/CMakeFiles/arrow_array.dir/array/array_nested.cc.o -c /arrow/cpp/src/arrow/array/array_nested.cc
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/array/array_nested.cc: In member function 'const std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array>& arrow::StructArray::field(int) const':
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/array/array_nested.cc:1080:51: error: 'std::shared_ptr<_Tp> std::atomic_load(const shared_ptr<_Tp>*) [with _Tp = arrow::Array]' is deprecated: use 'std::atomic<std::shared_ptr<T>>' instead [-Werror=deprecated-declarations]
 1080 |   std::shared_ptr<Array> result = std::atomic_load(&boxed_fields_[i]);
      |                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/c++/15/memory:83,
                 from /arrow/cpp/src/arrow/array/array_nested.h:24,
                 from /arrow/cpp/src/arrow/array/array_nested.cc:18:
/usr/include/c++/15/bits/shared_ptr_atomic.h:142:5: note: declared here
  142 |     atomic_load(const shared_ptr<_Tp>* __p)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/array/array_nested.cc:1089:22: error: 'void std::atomic_store(shared_ptr<_Tp>*, shared_ptr<_Tp>) [with _Tp = arrow::Array]' is deprecated: use 'std::atomic<std::shared_ptr<T>>' instead [-Werror=deprecated-declarations]
 1089 |     std::atomic_store(&boxed_fields_[i], std::move(result));
      |     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/15/bits/shared_ptr_atomic.h:183:5: note: declared here
  183 |     atomic_store(shared_ptr<_Tp>* __p, shared_ptr<_Tp> __r)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/array/array_nested.cc: In member function 'std::shared_ptr<arrow::Array> arrow::UnionArray::field(int) const':
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/array/array_nested.cc:1360:51: error: 'std::shared_ptr<_Tp> std::atomic_load(const shared_ptr<_Tp>*) [with _Tp = arrow::Array]' is deprecated: use 'std::atomic<std::shared_ptr<T>>' instead [-Werror=deprecated-declarations]
 1360 |   std::shared_ptr<Array> result = std::atomic_load(&boxed_fields_[i]);
      |                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/15/bits/shared_ptr_atomic.h:142:5: note: declared here
  142 |     atomic_load(const shared_ptr<_Tp>* __p)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~
/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/array/array_nested.cc:1372:22: error: 'void std::atomic_store(shared_ptr<_Tp>*, shared_ptr<_Tp>) [with _Tp = arrow::Array]' is deprecated: use 'std::atomic<std::shared_ptr<T>>' instead [-Werror=deprecated-declarations]
 1372 |     std::atomic_store(&boxed_fields_[i], result);
      |     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/c++/15/bits/shared_ptr_atomic.h:183:5: note: declared here
  183 |     atomic_store(shared_ptr<_Tp>* __p, shared_ptr<_Tp> __r)
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~
cc1plus: all warnings being treated as errors

We should use std::atomic<std::shared_ptr> instead of std::atomic_load()/std::atomic_store(). std::atomic_load()/std::atomic_store() are deprecated and they are replaced with std::atomic<std::shared_ptr> in C++20.

See also:

• https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/shared_ptr/atomic
• https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/memory/shared_ptr/atomic2

(I think that we should work on this as a separated task.)