OOPS

• Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming capability based on the concept of "objects", which may contain data, in the form of fields, often known as attributes; and code, in the form of procedures, often known as methods or functions.

Why OOPS?

Object Oriented Programming has a capability of programming/coding (more precisely, MODELLING) any(most of) real world scenarios.

Characteristics of OOP :

• Data Encapsulation
• Data Abstraction
• Polymorphism
• Inheritence
• Modularity

Data Encapsulation :

Data Encapsulation or data hiding is an Object Oriented Programming concept that binds together the data and functions that manipulate the data, and that keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse.

Data Abstraction

Data abstraction refers to providing only essential information to the outside world and hiding their background details, i.e., to represent only the needed information in program without presenting the details.

Polymorphism

The word “poly” means many and “morphs” means forms, So Polymorphism means many forms (Looking alike but exhibit different characteristics). Polymorphism allows us to perform a single action in different ways. In other words, polymorphism allows you to define one interface and have multiple implementations.

• Method Overloading: (its an application of polymorphism and should be said along with it)

  When there are multiple functions with same name but different parameters then these functions are said to be overloaded. Functions can be overloaded or differentiated by change in number of arguments or/and change in type of arguments.

Inheritence

The capability of a class to derive properties and characteristics from another class is called Inheritance. Inheritance is one of the most important feature of Object Oriented Programming.

• Sub Class: The class that inherits properties from another class is called Sub class or Derived Class.
• Super Class: The class whose properties are inherited by sub class is called Base Class or Super class.