feat(Maths): add Tonelli-Shanks modular square root

[felipeofdev-ai]

Description

Adds Maths/TonelliShanks.js implementing the Tonelli–Shanks algorithm for modular square roots modulo an odd prime.

• Legendre symbol residue check
• Fast path when p ≡ 3 (mod 4)
• Full Tonelli–Shanks loop otherwise
• Returns the smaller non-negative root

Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonelli%E2%80%93Shanks_algorithm

Checklist

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md
• Tests added (Vitest)
• DIRECTORY.md updated

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— Felipe Fernandes · Systems & Agentic AI Engineer
https://github.com/felipeofdev-ai · https://felipeofdev-ai.github.io/

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 93.51852% with 7 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 85.95%. Comparing base (5c39e87) to head (200108a).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
Maths/TonelliShanks.js	93.51%	7 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1913      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   85.91%   85.95%   +0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         379      380       +1     
  Lines       19778    19886     +108     
  Branches     3016     3042      +26     
==========================================
+ Hits        16993    17094     +101     
- Misses       2785     2792       +7     

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