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BlackboxBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Black-box Adversarial Attacks

Paper Leaderboard

BlackboxBench is a comprehensive benchmark containing mainstream adversarial black-box attack methods implemented based on PyTorch. It can be used to evaluate the adversarial robustness of any ML models, or as the baseline to develop more advanced attack and defense methods.

✨ BlackBoxBench will be continously updated by adding more attacks. ✨

You are welcome to contribute your black-box attack methods to BlackBoxBench!! See how to contribute


Contents


Transfer-based attacks

💡Quick start

For Requirements and Quick start of transfer-based black-box adversarial attacks in BlackboxBench, please refer to the README here. We also provide some model checkpoints for users' convenience.

💡Supported attacks

Config file Paper
I-FGSM I-FGSM.json Adversarial examples in the physical world ICLR 2017
PGD random_start.json Towards deep learning models resistant to adversarial attacks ICLR 2018
TI-FGSM TI.json Evading defenses to transferable adversarial examples by translation-invariant attacks CVPR 2019
SI-FGSM SI.json Nesterov accelerated gradient and scale invariance for adversarial attacks ICLR 2020
Admix admix.json Admix: Enhancing the transferability of adversarial attacks ICCV 2021
DI2-FGSM DI2-FGSM.json Improving transferability of adversarial examples with input diversity CVPR 2019
MI-FGSM MI-FGSM.json Boosting adversarial attacks with momentum CVPR 2018
NI-FGSM NI.json Nesterov accelerated gradient and scale invariance for adversarial attacks ICLR 2020
PI-FGSM PI.json Boosting adversarial transferability through enhanced momentum BMVC 2021
VT VT.json Enhancing the transferability of adversarial attacks through variance tuning CVPR 2021
RAP RAP.json Boosting the transferability of adversarial attacks with reverse adversarial perturbation NIPS 2022
LinBP LinBP.json Backpropagating linearly improves transferability of adversarial examples NIPS 2020
SGM SGM.json Skip connections matter: On the transferability of adversarial examples generated with resnets ICLR 2020
ILA ILA.json Enhancing adversarial example transferability with an intermediate level attack ICCV 2019
FIA FIA.json Feature importance-aware transferable adversarial attacks ICCV 2021
NAA NAA.json Improving adversarial transferability via neuron attribution-based attacks CVPR 2022
RD RD.json Lgv: Boosting adversarial example transferability from large geometric vicinity ECCV 2022
GhostNet GhostNet.json Learning transferable adversarial examples via ghost networks AAAI 2020
DRA DRA.json Toward understanding and boosting adversarial transferability from a distribution perspective TIPS 2022
IAA IAA.json Rethinking adversarial transferability from a data distribution perspective ICLR 2022
LGV LGV.json Lgv: Boosting adversarial example transferability from large geometric vicinity ECCV 2022
SWA SWA.json Making substitute models more bayesian can enhance transferability of adversarial examples ICLR 2023
Bayesian attack Bayesian_attack.json Making substitute models more bayesian can enhance transferability of adversarial examples ICLR 2023
MI-DI MI-DI.json Composite attack (MI-FGSM + DI-FGSM)
MI-DI-TI MI-DI-TI.json Composite attack (MI-FGSM + DI-FGSM + TI-FGSM)
MI-DI-TI-SI MI-DI-TI-SI.json Composite attack (MI-FGSM + DI-FGSM + TI-FGSM + SI-FGSM)
VMI VMI.json Composite attack (MI-FGSM + VT)
VNI VNI.json Composite attack (NI-FGSM + VT)
SI-RAP SI-RAP.json Composite attack (SI-FGSM + RAP )
LGV-GhostNet LGV-GhostNet.json Composite attack (LGV + GhostNet )

💡Supported datasets

CIFAR-10, NIPS2017. Please first download these two datasets into transfer/data/dataset.

💡Supported models

BlackboxBench evaluates contained transfer-based attack methods on the below models 👇 (models in blue are treated as surrogate models). But users can attack any model trained on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet by adding it into BlackboxBench, following the step 1️⃣ in Quick start.

transfer_supported_models


Query-based attacks

💡Quick start

For Requirements and Quick start of query-based black-box adversarial attacks in BlackboxBench, please refer to the README here.

💡Supported attacks

Score-Based File name Paper
NES Attack nes_attack.py Black-box Adversarial Attacks with Limited Queries and Information ICML 2018
ZO-signSGD zo_sign_agd_attack.py signSGD via Zeroth-Order Oracle ICLR 2019
Bandit Attack bandit_attack.py Prior Convictions: Black-Box Adversarial Attacks with Bandits and Priors ICML 2019
SimBA simple_attack.py Simple Black-box Adversarial Attacks ICML 2019
ECO Attack parsimonious_attack.py Parsimonious Black-Box Adversarial Attacks via Efficient Combinatorial Optimization ICML 2019
Sign Hunter sign_attack.py Sign Bits Are All You Need for Black-Box Attacks ICLR 2020
Square Attack square_attack.py Square Attack: a query-efficient black-box adversarial attack via random search ECCV 2020
Decision-Based File name Paper
Boundary Attack boundary_attack.py Decision-Based Adversarial Attacks: Reliable Attacks Against Black-Box Machine Learning Models ICLR 2017
OPT opt_attack.py Query-Efficient Hard-label Black-box Attack: An Optimization-based Approach ICLR 2019
Sign-OPT sign_opt_attack.py Sign OPT: A Query Efficient Hard label Adversarial Attack ICLR 2020
Evolutionary Attack evo_attack.py Efficient Decision based Blackbox Adversarial Attacks on Face Recognition CVPR 2019
GeoDA geoda_attack.py GeoDA: a geometric framework for blackbox adversarial attacks CVPR 2020
HSJA hsja_attack.py HopSkipJumpAttack: A Query Efficient Decision Based Attack IEEE S&P 2020
Sign Flip Attack sign_flip_attack.py Boosting Decision based Blackbox Adversarial Attacks with Random Sign Flip ECCV 2020
RayS rays_attack.py RayS: A Ray Searching Method for Hard-label Adversarial Attack KDD 2020

💡Supported datasets

CIFAR-10, ImageNet. Please first download these two datasets into query/data/. Here, we test the contained attack methods on the whole CIFAR-10 testing set and ImageNet competition dataset comprised of 1000 samples.

💡Supported models

BlackboxBench evaluates contained query-based attack methods on the below models 👇. But users can attack any model trained on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet by adding it into BlackboxBench, following the step 1️⃣ in Quick start.

transfer_supported_models


Analysis tools

Analysis tools will be released soon!


How to contribute

You are welcome to contribute your black-box attacks or defenses to BlackBoxBench! 🤩

In the following sections there are some tips on how to prepare you attack.

🚀 Adding a new transfer-based attack

👣 Core function

We divide various efforts to improve I-FGSM into four distinct perspectives: data, optimization, feature and model. Attacks belonging to different perspectives can be implemented by modifying below blocks:

input_transformation.py: the block registering various input transformation functions. Attacks from data perspective are most likely to happen here. For example, the key of DI-FGSM is randomly resizing the image, so its core function is defined here:

@Registry.register("input_transformation.DI")
def DI(in_size, out_size):
    def _DI(iter, img, true_label, target_label, ensemble_models, grad_accumulate, grad_last, n_copies_iter):
        ...
        return padded
    return _DI

loss_function.py: the block registering various loss functions. Attacks from feature perspective are most likely to happen here. For example, the key of FIA is designing a new loss function, so its core function is defined here:

@Registry.register("loss_function.fia_loss")
def FIA(fia_layer, N=30, drop_rate=0.3):
    ...
    def _FIA(args, img, true_label, target_label, ensemble_models):
        ...
        return -loss if args.targeted else loss
    return _FIA

gradient_calculation.py: the block registering various ways to calculate gradients. Attacks from optimization perspective are most likely to happen here. For example, the key of SGM is using gradients more from the skip connections, so its core function is defined here:

@Registry.register("gradient_calculation.skip_gradient")
def skip_gradient(gamma):
		...
    def _skip_gradient(args, iter, adv_img, true_label, target_label, grad_accumulate, grad_last, input_trans_func, ensemble_models, loss_func):
        ...
        return gradient
    return _skip_gradient

update_dir_calculation.py: the block registering various ways to calculate update direction on adversarial examples. Attacks from optimization perspective are most likely to happen here. For example, the key of MI is using the accumulated gradient as update direction, so its core function is defined here:

@Registry.register("update_dir_calculation.momentum")
def momentum():
    def _momentum(args, gradient, grad_accumulate, grad_var_last):
        ...
        return update_dir, grad_accumulate
    return _momentum

model_refinement.py: the block registering various ways to refine the surrogate model. Attacks from model perspective are most likely to happen here. For example, the key of LGV is finetune model with a high learning rate, so its core function is defined here:

@Registry.register("model_refinement.stochastic_weight_collecting")
def stochastic_weight_collecting(collect, mini_batch=512, epochs=10, lr=0.05, wd=1e-4, momentum=0.9):
    def _stochastic_weight_collecting(args, rfmodel_dir):
        ...
    return _stochastic_weight_collecting

Design your core function and register it in the suitable .py file to fit into our unified attack pipeline.

👣 Config file

You should also fill a json file which is structured in the following way and put it in transfer/config/<DATASET>/<TARGET>/<L-NORM>/<YOUR-METHOD>.py. Here is an example from transfer/config/NIPS2017/untargeted/l_inf/I-FGSM.json):

{
  "source_model_path": ["NIPS2017/pretrained/resnet50"],
  "target_model_path": ["NIPS2017/pretrained/resnet50",
                        "NIPS2017/pretrained/vgg19_bn",
                        "NIPS2017/pretrained/resnet152"],
  "n_iter": 100,
  "shuffle": true,
  "batch_size": 200,
  "norm_type": "inf",
  "epsilon": 0.03,
  "norm_step": 0.00392157,
  "seed": 0,
  "n_ensemble": 1,
  "targeted": false,
  "save_dir": "./save",

  "input_transformation": "",
  "loss_function": "cross_entropy",
  "grad_calculation": "general",
  "backpropagation": "nonlinear",
  "update_dir_calculation": "sgd",
  "source_model_refinement": ""
}

Make sure your core function is well specified in the last six fields.


Citation

If you want to use BlackboxBench in your research, cite it as follows:

@misc{zheng2023blackboxbench,
      title={BlackboxBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Black-box Adversarial Attacks}, 
      author={Meixi Zheng and Xuanchen Yan and Zihao Zhu and Hongrui Chen and Baoyuan Wu},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2312.16979},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CR}
}

Copyright

The source code of this repository is licensed by The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (identified as CC BY-NC-4.0 in SPDX). More details about the license could be found in LICENSE.

This project is built by the Secure Computing Lab of Big Data (SCLBD) at The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, directed by Professor Baoyuan Wu. SCLBD focuses on research of trustworthy AI, including backdoor learning, adversarial examples, federated learning, fairness, etc.

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