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mmikhasenko committed May 27, 2024
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Expand Up @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ It species the main properties such as spin, and masses of all particles.

## Topology and Reference Topology

Purpose of the `reference_topology` is two folded. First, it defines how kinematics of the decay is parametrized, i.e. which combination of masses and angles is used to describe the phase space. Second, the `reference_topology` plays crucial role in defining how helicity amplitudes are computed. The reference topology is used to fix the quantization axes for particle helicities. Since helicity is the projection of a particle's spin along its direction of motion, its precise definition depends upon the frame of reference in which it is evaluated.
Purpose of the `reference_topology` is two folded. First, it defines how kinematics of the decay is parametrized, i.e. which combination of masses and angles is used to describe the phase space. Second, the `reference_topology` plays crucial role in defining how helicity amplitudes are computed. The reference topology is used to fix the quantization axes for particle helicities. Since helicity is the projection of a particle's spin along its direction of motion, its precise definition depends upon the frame of reference in which it is evaluated.
As the `reference_topology` unambiguously defines the path to traverse the decay graph from initial to the final states, it sets a frame for each helicity, where it is defined. The helicity values employed in the indices of Wigner rotations `D_{λ1, λ2}` and couplings `H_{λ1, λ2}` are thus indicative of this frame.

### An example of four-body decay
Expand All @@ -149,16 +149,16 @@ The decay amplitude reads as a series of Wigner $D$-functions, each corresp
$$
\begin{align}
A &= n_{j_0} D_{m_0, \tau-\lambda_2}^{j_0}(\text{angles}_{[[3,1],4]}) \,\, H_{\tau,\lambda_2} \\
%
%
&\quad \cdot n_{j_{[[3,1],4]}} D_{\tau, \nu-\lambda_4}^{j_{[[3,1],4]}}(\text{angles}_{[3,1]}) \\
%
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&\quad \cdot n_{j_{[3,1]}} D_{\nu, \lambda_3-\lambda_1}^{j_{[3,1]}}(\text{angles}_3) \,\, H_{\lambda_3,\lambda_1}
\end{align}
$$

- $D_{m_0, \tau - \lambda_2}^{j_0}(\text{angles}_{[[3,1],4]})$ describes the decay of particle 0 into a system `[3,1,4]`, and a particle `2` with helicities $\nu$, and $\lambda_2$, respectively. The decay is considered in the overall rest frame of the system (comprising particles `3`, `1`, `4`, and `2`).
Here is the first appearence of the $\lambda_2$, hence the helicity state of particle `2` is defined from its rest frame by boost-z and rotation to the total center of momentum.
The index $m_0$ is the spin projection of the decaying particle (0). It's a canontical state as the particle is at rest.
Here is the first appearence of the $\lambda_2$, hence the helicity state of particle `2` is defined from its rest frame by boost-z and rotation to the total center of momentum.
The index $m_0$ is the spin projection of the decaying particle (0). It's a canontical state as the particle is at rest.

- $D_{\tau,\nu-\lambda_4}^{j_{[[3,1],4]}}(\text{angles}_{[3,1]})$: For particle `4`, its helicity, $\lambda_4$, is defined within the rest frame of the `[3,1,4]` system. This frame is obtained from the overall rest frame by applying a rotation and boost, signifying the progression of the decay sequence.

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\end{multline}
$$


### Propagators

- **`type`:** The `type` field within each propagator specifies the mathematical or physical model used to describe the propagation of a particle between interactions. This type is directly linked to the `lineshapes` section, where the detailed characteristics of each propagator type (e.g., resonance models like Breit-Wigner or Flatté) are defined. The `type` essentially dictates how the propagator influences the chain's overall amplitude, based on its lineshape parameters.
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