StormScope MeteoSat Europe

[jleinonen]

Earth2Studio Pull Request

Description

Adds the European StormScope MeteoSat model.

1. Model wrapper: earth2studio.models.px.stormscope_meteosat.StormScopeMeteosatEU
2. Example in examples/04_nowcasting/05_stormscope_meteosat_example.py
3. Unit tests
4. Some fixes/improvements to the MeteosatFCI data source:
   • Fix projection_extent to account for FCI coordinate convention
   • available_variables to list the variables available at the selected resolution
   • Recycle opened data files (this speeds up data loading in the example by ~5x on my system)

Depends on NVIDIA/physicsnemo#1848.

Checklist

• I am familiar with the Contributing Guidelines.
• New or existing tests cover these changes.
• The documentation is up to date with these changes.
• The CHANGELOG.md is up to date with these changes.
• An issue is linked to this pull request.
• Assess and address Greptile feedback (AI code review bot for guidance; use discretion, addressing all feedback is not required).

Dependencies

[greptile-apps]

Greptile Summary

This PR adds StormScopeMeteosatEU, a two-stage EDM diffusion nowcasting model for MTG-I1 FCI satellite imagery, along with supporting data-source helpers, an example script, and unit tests.

• The new StormScopeMeteosatEU model predicts the next 10-minute FCI frame from a sliding window of recent observations using a high-sigma/low-sigma denoiser split; it also introduces available_variables() and pixel_bbox-aware projection_extent() improvements to MeteosatFCI.
• The autoregressive generator (create_generator) has a rolling loop for solar angles that uses range(L-1) instead of range(L), leaving the second-to-last solar-angle slot stale from the second iteration onward — the model is conditioned on incorrect angles for all steps after the first.
• The example file and cache key carry "stormcast" naming (copy-paste from the StormCast example), and the docstring for num_diffusion_steps reports a default of 18 while the code defaults to 48.

Confidence Score: 3/5

Safe to merge after fixing the solar-angle rolling bug in create_generator; the single-step call path is unaffected, but multi-step autoregressive rollout will silently produce wrong conditioning from step 2 onward.

The autoregressive generator accumulates incorrect solar-angle conditioning because the zen_azi rolling loop is one iteration short. Every rollout step after the first conditions on a stale angle at slot L-1, which grows worse the longer the rollout runs. The fix is a one-character change (range(L-1) to range(L)), but without it multi-step nowcasts will be subtly incorrect in a way the tests do not catch — the unit tests use a spoofed model that ignores conditioning tensors.

earth2studio/models/px/stormscope_meteosat.py — specifically the zen_azi rolling loop inside create_generator (~line 762).

Important Files Changed

Filename	Overview
earth2studio/models/px/stormscope_meteosat.py	New StormScopeMeteosatEU diffusion nowcasting model; rolling loop for solar angles in create_generator uses range(L-1) instead of range(L), leaving slot L-1 stale after the first autoregressive step. Minor: docstring default for num_diffusion_steps says 18 but code defaults to 48; a comment refers to StormCastMTG.
earth2studio/data/meteosat_fci.py	Adds available_variables() helper and pixel_bbox support to projection_extent(); logic is correct and the east-west axis sign swap in projection_extent is intentional.
examples/04_nowcasting/05_stormcast_meteosat_example.py	Example file is named stormcast instead of stormscope, and references Package.default_cache(stormcast-conus) — copy-paste leftovers from the StormCast example that point to the wrong cache directory.
test/models/px/test_stormscope_meteosat.py	Comprehensive unit tests covering coords, forward pass, batching, AMP, autoregressive iterator, sub-region slicing, raw/physical/normalized conversions, ir_38 warm scaling, off-earth masking, and solar angle computation.
earth2studio/models/px/init.py	Adds StormScopeMeteosatEU to the public px model exports; straightforward one-line change.
test/conftest.py	Registers stormscope-meteosat optional-dependency gate for the new test file; correct and minimal.
docs/modules/models_px.rst	Adds StormScopeMeteosatEU to the documentation toctree in alphabetical order.

Comments Outside Diff (1)

1. examples/04_nowcasting/05_stormcast_meteosat_example.py, line 1021-1026 (link)

   Wrong cache key and file naming

   The example file is named 05_stormcast_meteosat_example.py (and references "stormcast" in the saved output filename and cache key) but should use "stormscope-meteosat" throughout. The Package.default_cache("stormcast-conus") call will resolve to the StormCast cache directory rather than one appropriate for this model, which could cause checkpoints to be stored or read from the wrong location.

_{Reviews (1): Last reviewed commit: "Add model to __init__.py" | Re-trigger Greptile}