Gitlab Repository

Because of using the gitlab container registry and also gitlab group feature, I've created all repositories inside the Gitlab, you can find all resources inside the gitlab repository here:

https://gitlab.com/argocd-gitops-template

Requirements

Kubernetes cluster : In order to have a kubernetes cluster we have several options:
- Create a kubernetes service on a cloud provider like AWS
- Create a kubernetes service on the Hetzner Cloud I've created a template to setup a highly avalable kubernetes on the Hetzner Cloud here kubernetes-hetzner-lac-template and described it here Kubernetus Cluster
- Minikube as a local k8s development
- K3S (local and production)
- K3D as a local k3s development
Kubectl to interact with the Kubernetes cluster
Helm to install packegs on our kubernetes
Docker to install k3d

What is Minikube ?

Minikube is local Kubernetes, focusing on making it easy to learn and develop for Kubernetes.

What is K3S ?

K3s is a highly available, certified Kubernetes distribution designed for production workloads in unattended, resource-constrained, remote locations or inside IoT appliances.

What is K3D ?

k3d is a lightweight wrapper to run k3s (Rancher Lab’s minimal Kubernetes distribution) in docker. k3d makes it very easy to create single- and multi-node k3s clusters in docker, e.g. for local development on Kubernetes.

Conclusion

I'm going to install and use k3d for this lecture because of:

It's free
It's easy to use
It could be installed on docker and I assume all users have installed the docker on thier systems (linux, windows or mac)

Install K3d on docker and config a k3s cluster

To install k3d according its release page there are several methods to install, so I choose install current latest version with its script:

wget -q -O - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/k3d-io/k3d/main/install.sh | bash
k3d version
# k3d version v5.6.0
# k3s version v1.27.4-k3s1 (default)

after installing k3d, now we can run a k3d cluster with 1 server as contoller and 2 server as agent

k3d cluster create --servers 1 --agents 2
# INFO[0000] portmapping '443:443' targets the loadbalancer: defaulting to [servers:*:proxy agents:*:proxy]
# INFO[0000] portmapping '80:80' targets the loadbalancer: defaulting to [servers:*:proxy agents:*:proxy]
# INFO[0000] Prep: Network
# INFO[0000] Created network 'k3d-k3s-default'
# INFO[0000] Created image volume k3d-k3s-default-images
# INFO[0000] Starting new tools node...
# INFO[0000] Starting Node 'k3d-k3s-default-tools'
# INFO[0001] Creating node 'k3d-k3s-default-server-0'
# INFO[0001] Creating node 'k3d-k3s-default-agent-0'
# INFO[0001] Creating node 'k3d-k3s-default-agent-1'
# INFO[0001] Creating LoadBalancer 'k3d-k3s-default-serverlb'
# INFO[0002] Using the k3d-tools node to gather environment information
# INFO[0002] Starting new tools node...
# INFO[0002] Starting Node 'k3d-k3s-default-tools'
# INFO[0003] Starting cluster 'k3s-default'
# INFO[0003] Starting servers...
# INFO[0003] Starting Node 'k3d-k3s-default-server-0'
# INFO[0007] Starting agents...
# INFO[0007] Starting Node 'k3d-k3s-default-agent-1'
# INFO[0007] Starting Node 'k3d-k3s-default-agent-0'
# INFO[0010] Starting helpers...
# INFO[0011] Starting Node 'k3d-k3s-default-serverlb'
# INFO[0017] Injecting records for hostAliases (incl. host.k3d.internal) and for 5 network members into CoreDNS configmap...
# INFO[0019] Cluster 'k3s-default' created successfully!
# INFO[0019] You can now use it like this:
# kubectl cluster-info

now we can read the cluster info

kubectl cluster-info
# Kubernetes control plane is running at https://0.0.0.0:35239
# CoreDNS is running at https://0.0.0.0:35239/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy
# Metrics-server is running at https://0.0.0.0:35239/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:metrics-server:https/proxy

and if you read your kubectl's contexts details, it should be listed as default (k3d-k3s-default)

kubectl config get-contexts
# CURRENT   NAME              CLUSTER           AUTHINFO                NAMESPACE
# *         k3d-k3s-default   k3d-k3s-default   admin@k3d-k3s-default
#           k3s               k3s               k3s
#           minikube          minikube          minikube                default

kubectl get all
# NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
# service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.43.0.1    <none>        443/TCP   4m56s

Configure

ArgoCD

Install argocd

kubectl create namespace argocd
helm repo add argo https://argoproj.github.io/argo-helm
helm repo update
helm install argo-cd argo/argo-cd --namespace argocd --version 6.3.1 \
--set configs.params.server\.insecure=true \
--set dex.enabled=true
# NAME: argo-cd
# LAST DEPLOYED: Mon Feb 26 16:19:07 2024
# NAMESPACE: argocd
# STATUS: deployed
# REVISION: 1
# TEST SUITE: None
# NOTES:
# In order to access the server UI you have the following options:

# 1. kubectl port-forward service/argo-cd-argocd-server -n argocd 8080:443

#     and then open the browser on http://localhost:8080 and accept the certificate

# 2. enable ingress in the values file `server.ingress.enabled` and either
#       - Add the annotation for ssl passthrough: https://argo-cd.readthedocs.io/en/stable/operator-manual/ingress/#option-1-ssl-passthrough
#       - Set the `configs.params."server.insecure"` in the values file and terminate SSL at your ingress: https://argo-cd.readthedocs.io/en/stable/operator-manual/ingress/#option-2-multiple-ingress-objects-and-hosts


# After reaching the UI the first time you can login with username: admin and the random password generated during the installation. You can find the password by running:

# kubectl -n argocd get secret argocd-initial-admin-secret -o jsonpath="{.data.password}" | base64 -d

# (You should delete the initial secret afterwards as suggested by the Getting Started Guide: https://argo-cd.readthedocs.io/en/stable/getting_started/#4-login-using-the-cli)

Port forward argocd to access it and read its admin password to login

kubectl port-forward service/argo-cd-argocd-server -n argocd 8080:443
kubectl -n argocd get secret argocd-initial-admin-secret -o jsonpath="{.data.password}" | base64 -d

ArgoCD Image Updater

Install argocd image updater

helm repo add argo https://argoproj.github.io/argo-helm
helm repo update
helm install argocd-image-updater argo/argocd-image-updater --namespace argocd --version 0.9.1 \
--set-json='config.registries=[{"name":"Gilab Registry", "api_url":"https://registry.gitlab.com", "prefix":"registry.gitlab.com", "ping":true, "credentials":"secret:argocd/gitlabregistry#token", "limit":20, "default":true, "defaultns":"library"}]'

Gitlab access

Access to the deploy project to write latest changes

Create an ed25519 key on your local pc

ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f ~/.ssh/argocd-gitops-template-ed25519

Go to the deploy repository (for our group: https://gitlab.com/argocd-gitops-template/infrastructure/deploy)
Settings -> Repository -> Deploy keys -> Add new key
Copy the public key:
- Write a title
- Copy your public key on the key part
```
  cat ~/.ssh/argocd-gitops-template-ed25519.pub
```
- Check the Grant write permissions to this key

Edit the git-repo-secret.yaml:

Change the stringData.url (alter to your deploy repository address)

Add the private key into the stringData.sshPrivateKey:

  cat ~/.ssh/argocd-gitops-template-ed25519

# git-repo-secret.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: argocd-gitops-template
  namespace: argocd
  labels:
    argocd.argoproj.io/secret-type: repository
stringData:
  url: [email protected]:argocd-gitops-template/infrastructure/deploy.git
  sshPrivateKey: |
    -----BEGIN OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
    PASTE_YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY_HERE
    -----END OPENSSH PRIVATE KEY-----
  insecure: "false"
  enableLfs: "true"

Add key to the kubernetes secrets (argocd)

  kubectl apply -f git-repo-secret.yaml

Access to the group registery read

Go to the Group (ArgoCD GitOps Template)
Settings -> Repository -> Deploy tokens -> Add token
Create a new deploy token:
- Name: read_registery_and_package
- Scopes: read_registry and read_package_registry
- username: k8s

Create secret.yaml file and replace the token:

Change the stringData.token

# secret.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: gitlabregistry
  namespace: argocd
type: Opaque
stringData:
  token: k8s:REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_TOKEN

Add key to the kubernetes secrets (argocd)

kubectl apply -f secret.yaml

Project structure

I've created a group for having all side of our project in it.

Argocd Gitops Template
│
└───Backend
│   │   Nodejs Simple
│
└───Frontend
│   │   Reactjs Simple
│
└───Infrastructure
    │   Deploy
    │   Kubernetes

Project	Description
Nodejs Simple	A simple nodejs todo app as backend
Reactjs Simple	A simple reactjs todo app as frontend
Deploy	We keep all the devops role about the our backend and frontend services and the argocd synks itself with this repo all time
Kubernetes	We only have keep our initial commands and also this README file

Backend and Frontend ci files

There are 3 branches for backend and frontend projects:

developing
stage
main

We're going to deploy stage branch as staging and main branch as a production service.

In the gitlab.ci file we have to separate pipeline to make images for staging and production. It will automatically generate an image from out backend or frontend projects and put them inside the gitlab container registery

default:
  image: docker:20.10.16
  services:
    - docker:20.10.16-dind
  before_script:
    - docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY

stages:
  - build_and_release

variables:
  CONTAINER_BUILD_IMAGE: $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE/$CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME:v0.1.$CI_PIPELINE_IID
  CONTAINER_RELEASE_IMAGE: $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE/$CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME:latest

stage-release:
  stage: build_and_release
  script:
    - >
      docker build
      --pull
      -t $CONTAINER_BUILD_IMAGE .
    - docker push $CONTAINER_BUILD_IMAGE
    - docker tag $CONTAINER_BUILD_IMAGE $CONTAINER_RELEASE_IMAGE
    - docker push $CONTAINER_RELEASE_IMAGE
  only:
    - stage

main-release:
  stage: build_and_release
  script:
    - >
      docker build
      --pull
      -t $CONTAINER_BUILD_IMAGE .
    - docker push $CONTAINER_BUILD_IMAGE
    - docker tag $CONTAINER_BUILD_IMAGE $CONTAINER_RELEASE_IMAGE
    - docker push $CONTAINER_RELEASE_IMAGE
  only:
    - main

When a new version is generated, the argocd image updater will be informed and then start to create a new file inside the deploy repository to tell the argocd there is new update and then the argocd will refresh the app and is synked with new update.

An example of file version

Run Applications

Create Namespaces

kubectl create namespace staging-nodejs-simple
kubectl create namespace staging-reactjs-simple

kubectl create namespace production-nodejs-simple
kubectl create namespace production-reactjs-simple

Create registery credential

kubectl create secret docker-registry registrycredential -n argocd \
    --docker-server=registry.gitlab.com \
    --docker-username=k8s \
    --docker-password=REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_TOKEN

kubectl create secret docker-registry registrycredential -n staging-nodejs-simple \
    --docker-server=registry.gitlab.com \
    --docker-username=k8s \
    --docker-password=REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_TOKEN

kubectl create secret docker-registry registrycredential -n staging-reactjs-simple \
    --docker-server=registry.gitlab.com \
    --docker-username=k8s \
    --docker-password=REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_TOKEN

kubectl create secret docker-registry registrycredential -n production-nodejs-simple \
    --docker-server=registry.gitlab.com \
    --docker-username=k8s \
    --docker-password=REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_TOKEN

kubectl create secret docker-registry registrycredential -n production-reactjs-simple \
    --docker-server=registry.gitlab.com \
    --docker-username=k8s \
    --docker-password=REPLACE_WITH_YOUR_TOKEN

Create Applications

kubectl apply -f application-staging.yaml
kubectl apply -f application-production.yaml

Note

The ui projects need to know what is the api base url so you should add the APP_BASE_URL_STAGING and APP_BASE_URL_PRODUCTION environment inside the Frontend group and then merge the project from developing into stage and from stage into main branch.

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 4 Commits
.images		.images
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md

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Repository files navigation

Gitlab Repository

Requirements

What is Minikube ?

What is K3S ?

What is K3D ?

Conclusion

Install K3d on docker and config a k3s cluster

Configure

ArgoCD

Install argocd

Port forward argocd to access it and read its admin password to login

ArgoCD Image Updater

Install argocd image updater

Gitlab access

Access to the deploy project to write latest changes

Access to the group registery read

Project structure

Backend and Frontend ci files

Run Applications

Create Namespaces

Create registery credential

Create Applications

Note

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MahdadGhasemian/argocd-gitops-template-kubernetes

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Repository files navigation

Gitlab Repository

Requirements

What is Minikube ?

What is K3S ?

What is K3D ?

Conclusion

Install K3d on docker and config a k3s cluster

Configure

ArgoCD

Install argocd

Port forward argocd to access it and read its admin password to login

ArgoCD Image Updater

Install argocd image updater

Gitlab access

Access to the deploy project to write latest changes

Access to the group registery read

Project structure

Backend and Frontend ci files

Run Applications

Create Namespaces

Create registery credential

Create Applications

Note

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