Updated project description

RAW.md

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 # Open-source Automated External Defibrillator (OAED)
-The content of this repository was developed by Jacopo Ferretti as part of his [thesis](./Thesis.pdf) work to achieve the Master degree in Biomedical Engineering.
-
 The subject presented in this work has been developed in the framework of [UBORA](http://ubora-biomedical.org), a project funded by the European Union, aims at developing a Europe-Africa e-infrastructure for open-source co-design of new solutions to face the current and future healthcare challenges of Europe and Africa.
 
 ![UBORA](./Figure/uboralogo.png)
 
 ## Abstract
-An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a medical device that analyzes the patient Electrocardiogram (ECG) in order to establish whether he is suffering from the deadly condition of Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA), and in case allows the release of a therapeutic dose of electrical energy (i.e. defibrillation). SCA is responsible for the death of over 300’000 people per year in USA, and an immediate clinical assistance through defibrillation is fundamental for patient’s recovery. In this context, an open-source approach can easily lead to improve the diffusion and efficiency of AEDs. The proposed Open-source Automated External Defibrillator (OAED) is composed of two separate electric boards: an High-Voltage Board (HV-B), which contain the circuitry required to perform defibrillations; and a Control Board (C-B), which asserts SCA in the patient and control the HV-B. From preliminary tests and simulations, OAED is capable to release a 200J biphasic defibrillation in about 12 seconds, recognizing SCA with sensibility higher than 90% and specificity around 99%. The OAED was also conceived as a template and teaching tool, in the framework of UBORA e-infrastructure, a platformfor design and sharing medical devices compliant to international standards.
+Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a medical device that analyzes a patient’s Electrocardiogram (ECG) in order to establish whether he/she is suffering from the fatal condition of Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA), and subsequently allows the release of a therapeutic dose of electrical energy (i.e. defibrillation). SCA is responsible for over 300'000 deaths per year both in Europe and in USA, and immediate clinical assistance through defibrillation is fundamental for recovery. In this context, an open-source approach can easily lead to improve the distribution and efficiency of AEDs. The proposed Open Source AED (OAED) is composed of two separate electric boards: a high voltage board (HV-B), which contains the circuitry required to perform defibrillation and a control board (C-B), which verifies SCA in the patient and controls the HV-B. Computer simulations and preliminary tests show that the OAED can release a 200 J biphasic defibrillation in about 12 seconds and recognizes SCA with sensitivity higher than 90% and specificity of about 99%. The OAED was also conceived as a template and teaching tool in the framework of UBORA, a platform for design and sharing medical devices compliant to international standards.
 
 ---
 
@@ -75,3 +73,6 @@ Preliminary tests using PhisioNet data showed that the combined algorithms have
 
 ## Conclusions
 Albeit tests are needed for the experimental validation of HV-B, OAED design is compliant with the standards defined by the IEC 60601. For this reason, OAED has been used as a template for the development of the UBORA platform, an e-infrastructure for design new open devices compliant with MDD 93/42 and ISO standards, in the framework of a joint EU funded project between Europe and Africa.
+
+## Credits
+The content of this repository was developed by Jacopo Ferretti as part of his [thesis](./Thesis.pdf) work to achieve the Master degree in Biomedical Engineering.

README.md

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 # Open-source Automated External Defibrillator (OAED)
-The content of this repository was developed by Jacopo Ferretti as part of his [thesis](./Thesis.pdf) work to achieve the Master degree in Biomedical Engineering.
-
 The subject presented in this work has been developed in the framework of [UBORA](http://ubora-biomedical.org), a project funded by the European Union, aims at developing a Europe-Africa e-infrastructure for open-source co-design of new solutions to face the current and future healthcare challenges of Europe and Africa.
 
 ![UBORA](./Figure/uboralogo.png)
 
 ## Abstract
-An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a medical device that analyzes the patient Electrocardiogram (ECG) in order to establish whether he is suffering from the deadly condition of Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA), and in case allows the release of a therapeutic dose of electrical energy (i.e. defibrillation). SCA is responsible for the death of over 300’000 people per year in USA, and an immediate clinical assistance through defibrillation is fundamental for patient’s recovery. In this context, an open-source approach can easily lead to improve the diffusion and efficiency of AEDs. The proposed Open-source Automated External Defibrillator (OAED) is composed of two separate electric boards: an High-Voltage Board (HV-B), which contain the circuitry required to perform defibrillations; and a Control Board (C-B), which asserts SCA in the patient and control the HV-B. From preliminary tests and simulations, OAED is capable to release a 200J biphasic defibrillation in about 12 seconds, recognizing SCA with sensibility higher than 90% and specificity around 99%. The OAED was also conceived as a template and teaching tool, in the framework of UBORA e-infrastructure, a platformfor design and sharing medical devices compliant to international standards.
+Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a medical device that analyzes a patient’s Electrocardiogram (ECG) in order to establish whether he/she is suffering from the fatal condition of Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA), and subsequently allows the release of a therapeutic dose of electrical energy (i.e. defibrillation). SCA is responsible for over 300'000 deaths per year both in Europe and in USA, and immediate clinical assistance through defibrillation is fundamental for recovery. In this context, an open-source approach can easily lead to improve the distribution and efficiency of AEDs. The proposed Open Source AED (OAED) is composed of two separate electric boards: a high voltage board (HV-B), which contains the circuitry required to perform defibrillation and a control board (C-B), which verifies SCA in the patient and controls the HV-B. Computer simulations and preliminary tests show that the OAED can release a 200 J biphasic defibrillation in about 12 seconds and recognizes SCA with sensitivity higher than 90% and specificity of about 99%. The OAED was also conceived as a template and teaching tool in the framework of UBORA, a platform for design and sharing medical devices compliant to international standards.
 
 ---
 
@@ -33,7 +31,7 @@ The first contains all the circuitry necessary to perform defibrillation, includ
 
 From an engineering point of view, defibrillation can be approximated with the discharge of a capacitor on a pure resistive load. Defibrillation can be schematized with a RC circuit, where the patient is represented as a resistor, while a capacitor represents the defibrillator. For this reason one of the most critical aspect of an AED is the charging time of the capacitor, because more than one charge-discharge cycles is usually needed to save a life.
 
-For the charging circuit of OAED, Imodified a flyback converter to obtain a custom Ringing Choke Converter (RCC) visible in Figure 2. The numerical simulations made with LTspice shown that the RCC I designed is capable of efficiently charging the <img alt="$150 \mu F$" src="./svgs/07830e8c32a589b90cd82ca162dc1e2a.png?invert_in_darkmode" align=middle width="47.416545pt" height="22.46574pt"/> capacitor to a nominal voltage V0 of 1700V in under 6 seconds.
+For the charging circuit of OAED, Imodified a flyback converter to obtain a custom Ringing Choke Converter (RCC) visible in Figure 2. The numerical simulations made with LTspice shown that the RCC I designed is capable of efficiently charging the <img alt="$150 \mu F$" src="svgs/07830e8c32a589b90cd82ca162dc1e2a.png?invert_in_darkmode" align=middle width="47.416545pt" height="22.46574pt"/> capacitor to a nominal voltage V0 of 1700V in under 6 seconds.
 
 ![Figure 2: OAED Charging Circuit - Ringing Choke Converter ](./Figure/rcc.png)
 
@@ -55,7 +53,7 @@ The C-B instead, can be seen as the device *brain*. It contains a Programmable S
 
 Since the main focus of AEDs is ease of use, only one couple of electrodes can be applied on the patient. Thereafter ECG and impedance acquisitions share the same electrodes. Impedance measurement is a very critical aspect in AEDs, because it is used to assert if a patient is connected to the device, and to calculate the discharge time required to release into him a precise amount of energy.
 
-The acquisition chain includes a buffered <img alt="$\Delta\Sigma$" src="./svgs/2b0de4ff8271e5f2124c5b9db895a65d.png?invert_in_darkmode" align=middle width="25.570875pt" height="22.46574pt"/>-ADC that samples the patient signal at a sampling frequency of 4000 sps, with a 16 bit resolution. The signal is collected by three different DMAs: one for the ECG, one for impedance, and one for the raw signal -which is mostly used for debug purpose. The ECG and impedance signals are digitally filtered in the PSoC Digital Filter Block and then sent into the SRAM. Once there, the ECG is decimated to match a sampling frequency of 500 sps, and stored in 4 seconds arrays (Figure 5).
+The acquisition chain includes a buffered <img alt="$\Delta\Sigma$" src="svgs/2b0de4ff8271e5f2124c5b9db895a65d.png?invert_in_darkmode" align=middle width="25.570875pt" height="22.46574pt"/>-ADC that samples the patient signal at a sampling frequency of 4000 sps, with a 16 bit resolution. The signal is collected by three different DMAs: one for the ECG, one for impedance, and one for the raw signal -which is mostly used for debug purpose. The ECG and impedance signals are digitally filtered in the PSoC Digital Filter Block and then sent into the SRAM. Once there, the ECG is decimated to match a sampling frequency of 500 sps, and stored in 4 seconds arrays (Figure 5).
 
 ![Figure 5: ECG signal obtained via OAED](./Figure/ecg.png)
 
@@ -75,3 +73,6 @@ Preliminary tests using PhisioNet data showed that the combined algorithms have
 
 ## Conclusions
 Albeit tests are needed for the experimental validation of HV-B, OAED design is compliant with the standards defined by the IEC 60601. For this reason, OAED has been used as a template for the development of the UBORA platform, an e-infrastructure for design new open devices compliant with MDD 93/42 and ISO standards, in the framework of a joint EU funded project between Europe and Africa.
+
+## Credits
+The content of this repository was developed by Jacopo Ferretti as part of his [thesis](./Thesis.pdf) work to achieve the Master degree in Biomedical Engineering.