Routing: Adds Parallel Request Hedging

[NaluTripician]

Pull Request Template

Description

See issue #3782.

The goal of this PR is to introduce parallel request hedging + availability strategies to the .NET SDK. Users will be able to create an availability strategy with a threshold specifying when the request hedging triggers as well as a step time which will indicate how often after the availability strategy triggers parallel requests will be sent out. If the step is 0, only one parallel request will be sent out. If set to TimeSpan.0 then only all parallel requests will be sent out simutaniously.

Design

Sending out parallel requests will be done in the RequestInovkerHandler. Before a request is sent out first, we check to see if a request can be sent out with parallel request hedging. Currently, only document read requests can use this feature.

Next, the request is cloned, and parallel requests are routed to all available read regions by setting the exclude regions property in the request options. Finally, all requests are sent out with the appropriate delay and once the SDK receives a response, all in flight parallel requests are canceled.

Parallel Hedging

When Building a new CosmosClient there will be an option to include Parallel hedging in that client.

CosmosClient client = new CosmosClientBuilder("connection string")
    .WithAvailabilityStrategy(
        new ParallelHedging(
            threshold: TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500)))
    .Build();

or

CosmosClientOptions options = new CosmosClientOptions()
{
    AvailabilityStrategyOptions
     = new AvailabilityStrategyOptions(
        new ParallelHedging(
            threshold: TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500)))
};

CosmosClient client = new CosmosClient(
    accountEndpoint: "account endpoint",
    authKeyOrResourceToken: "auth key or resource token",
    clientOptions: options);

The example above will create a CosmosClient instance with AvailabilityStrategy enabled with at 500ms threhshold. This means that if a request takes longer than 500ms the SDK will send a new request to the backend in order of the Preferred Regions List. If still no response comes back after the step time, another parallel request will be made to the next region. The SDK will then return the first response that comes back from the backend. The threshold parameter is a required parameter can be set to any value greater than 0. There will also be options to specify all options for the AvailabilityStrategyOptions object at request level and enable or disable at request level. If no client level AvailabilityStrategy is set, adding AvailabilityStrategyOptions to the request options will allow the request to use an AvailabilityStrategy.

Override AvailabilityStrategy:

RequestOptions requestOptions = new RequestOptions()
{
    AvailabilityStrategyOptions = new AvailabilityStrategyOptions(new ParallelHedging( TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(400)))
};

Disabling availability strategy:

RequestOptions requestOptions = new RequestOptions()
{
    AvailabilityStrategyOptions = new AvailabilityStrategyOptions(new DisableStrategy(), enabled: false)
};

Type of change

Please delete options that are not relevant.

• [] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• [] This change requires a documentation update

Closing issues

To automatically close an issue: closes #IssueNumber