23.8 Backport of #65051 Capture weak_ptr of ContextAccess for safety

[Enmk]

Changelog category (leave one):

• Bug Fix (user-visible misbehavior in an official stable release)

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

Fix crash with invalid access to AccessControl instance (ClickHouse#65051 by @davenger)

[altinity-robot]

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