Zello Channel API specification

WebSocket based API to connect to Zello channels

Version 1.0

Overview

This document is intended for developers interested in implementation of their own Zello Channel API client connecting to Zello channels. If you want integrate Zello into your iOS or Android app, check out the mobile SDKs instead.

This API supports subset of Zello features and currently focused on sending and receiving channel voice messages. See Supported features for the complete list.

To access the API you will need valid account credentials and/or a valid access token, based on the JWT standard. See Authentication.

API entry points

Service	WebSocket URL
Consumer Zello	wss://zello.io/ws
Zello Work	wss://zellowork.io/ws/`network name`
Zello Enterprise Server	wss://`your server domain`/ws/mesh

Note that the protocol only supports secure connections over TLS.

Authentication

The API supports two types of accounts:

Anonymous accounts:

No need to provide username or password
Can access unrestricted channels in listen only mode
Only supported with consumer Zello
A valid auth token is required

Named accounts:

Must include a valid username and password
Have full access to authorized channels
Supported for both Zello Work and consumer Zello
A valid auth token is required for consumer Zello

Connection keepalive

The API monitors connectivity by sending a WebSocket Ping frame to the client every 30 seconds. The WebSocket client must respond to the Ping frame with a Pong frame. If a client takes longer than 30 seconds to respond with a Pong frame, the API terminates the connection.

WebSocket commands protocol

This API uses persistent WebSocket connection with JSON-formatted WebSocket text messages for control protocol and WebSocket binary messages for voice data.

Each control request contains a command and an optional sequence number.

command Command name
seq Sequence number

A sequence number is required only if a response is expected. Both server and client maintain their own counters to ensure that unique sequence numbers are used with commands that include a sequence number.

Logon

`logon`

Authenticates the client and connects to channels. This must be the first command the client sends after establishing WebSocket connection. To stop the session and disconnect from the channels simply close the connection.

Connecting to multiple channels (up to 100) is currently supported for Zello Work only.

Attributes

Name	Type	Value / Description
`command`	string	`logon`
`seq`	integer	Command sequence number
`auth_token`	string	(optional) API authentication token. If omitted `refresh_token` is required when connecting to consumer Zello. See Authentication
`refresh_token`	string	(optional) API refresh token. If omitted `auth_token` is required when connecting to consumer Zello. See Authentication
`username`	string	(optional) Username to logon with. If not provided the client will connect anonymously. See Authentication
`password`	string	(optional) Password to logon with. Required if username is provided.
`channels`	array of strings	The list of names of the channels to connect to.
`listen_only`	boolean	(optional) Set to `true` to connect in listen-only mode.

Request:

{
  "command": "logon",
  "seq": 1,
  "auth_token": "[json web token]",
  "username": "sherlock",
  "password": "secret",
  "channels": ["Baker Street 221B", "Reichenbach Falls"]
}

Response:

{
  "seq": 1,
  "success": true,
  "refresh_token": "[refresh json web token]"
}

or

{
  "seq": 1,
  "error": "error code"
}

A successful response includes refresh_token which can be used to quickly reconnect if the WebSocket connection is broken due to brief network interruption. images_supported flag indicates channel will accept images. texting_supported flag indicates if channel will accept text messages. locations_supported flag indicates if channel will accept locations.

Response error codes

Value	Description
`not enough params`	The request is missing required parameters, such as token or username/password
`not authorized`	The logon fails due to invalid credentials
`internal server error`	There are any unexpected server side failures; an immediate retry may or may not succeed
`channels limit exceeded`	The list of channels supplied is longer than supported by the API.

Streaming voice messages

After successfully connecting to the channel and receiving channel status you can start sending voice messages. Each message is sent as stream, which begins with start_stream command followed by the sequence of binary packets with audio data and ends with stop_stream command. Zello uses Opus voice codec to compress audio stream.

`start_stream`

Starts a new stream to the channel. The successful response includes stream_id which must be used in all data packets for this message as well as in stop_stream command.

Attributes

Name	Type	Value / Description
`command`	string	`start_stream`
`seq`	integer	Command sequence number
`channel`	string	The channel to send the message to
`type`	string	Stream type. Only `audio` is currently supported
`codec`	string	The name of audio codec used. Required for `audio` streams. Must be `opus`.
`codec_header`	string	base64-encoded string, representing audio encoding parameters. Required for `audio` streams. See below
`packet_duration`	integer	Audio packet duration in milliseconds. Values between 2.5 ms and 60 ms are supported.
`for`	string	Optional username to send message to. Other users in the channel won't be receiving this message

`codec_header` attribute

codec_header is base64-encoded 4 byte array, which represents audio encoding attributes used for the message being sent:

{sample_rate_hz(16LE), frames_per_packet(8), frame_size_ms(8)}

Byte	Value	Description
0 & 1	`sample_rate_hz`	16 bit little-endian value of audio sample rate in Hz
2	`frames_per_packet`	Number of frames per packet (1 or 2)
3	`frame_size_ms`	Audio frame size in milliseconds

Example: value of gD4BPA== in base64 decodes to {0x80, 0x3e, 0x01, 0x3c} which represents 16000 Hz sample rate, 1 frame per packet, 60 ms frame size. See example implementation.

Request:

{
  "command": "start_stream",
  "seq": 2,
  "channel": "Baker Street 221B",
  "type": "audio",
  "codec": "opus",
  "codec_header": "gD4BPA==",
  "packet_duration": 20
}

or

{
  "command": "start_stream",
  "seq": 2,
  "channel": "Baker Street 221B",
  "type": "audio",
  "codec": "opus",
  "codec_header": "gD4BPA==",
  "packet_duration": 20,
  "for": "mrs.hudson"
}

Response:

{
  "seq": 2,
  "success": true,
  "stream_id": 22695
}

`stop_stream`

Stops outgoing stream. Send this command after you sent the last data packet.

Attributes

Name	Type	Value / Description
`command`	string	`stop_stream`
`seq`	integer	Command sequence number
`stream_id`	integer	Stream ID as returned in response to `start_stream` command
`channel`	string	The channel to send the message to

Request:

{
  "command": "stop_stream",
  "seq": 3,
  "stream_id": 22695,
  "channel": "Baker Street 221B"
}

Stream data

The same binary packet structure is used for any streamed data (e.g. audio) travelling both ways. The packet_id field is populated with the packet number for the audio packets sent from the server to a client. When streaming data to the server the packet_id value is ignored and should be filled with zeroes. Fields are stored in network byte order.

{type(8) = 0x01, stream_id(32), packet_id(32), data[]}

Sending images

After successfully connecting to the channel and receiving channel status you can start sending images. If channel does not support image messaging you will receive an error for send_image command. Each image begins with send_image command followed by the sequence of binary packets with image thumbnail data and full image data.

`send_image`

Starts sending a new image to the channel. The successful response includes image_id which must be used in all data packets for this image.

Name	Type	Value / Description
`command`	string	`send_image`
`seq`	integer	Command sequence number
`channel`	string	The channel to send the message to
`type`	string	Image type. Only `jpeg` is currently supported
`thumbnail_content_length`	integer	Image thumbnail content length in bytes
`content_length`	integer	Full image content length in bytes
`width`	integer	Full image width in pixels
`height`	integer	Full image width in pixels
`source`	string	Image source (`camera` or `library`)
`for`	string	Optional username to send image to. Other users in the channel won't be receiving this image

Request:

{
  "command": "send_image",
  "seq": 2,
  "channel": "Reichenbach Falls",
  "type": "jpeg",
  "source": "camera",
  "width": 1279,
  "height": 959,
  "thumbnail_content_length": 10616,
  "content_length": 183716
}

Response:

{
  "seq": 2,
  "success": true,
  "image_id": 22695
}

Sending image binary data

Image thumbnail packet

{type(8) = 0x02, image_id(32), image_type(32) = 0x02, data[]}

Full image packet

{type(8) = 0x02, image_id(32), image_type(32) = 0x01, data[]}

Sending text messages

After successfully connecting to the channel and receiving channel status you can start sending text messages.

`send_text_message`

Sends a new text message to the channel.

Name	Type	Value / Description
`command`	string	`send_text_message`
`seq`	integer	Command sequence number
`channel`	string	The channel to send the message to
`text`	string	Message text. 30 Kb maximum
`for`	string	Optional username to send text message to. Other users in the channel won't be receiving this text message

Request:

{
  "command": "send_text_message",
  "seq": 3,
  "channel": "Reichenbach Falls",
  "text": "Where are you?",
  "for": "holmes"
}

Response:

{
  "seq": 3,
  "success": true
}

Sending locations

After successfully connecting to the channel and receiving channel status you can start sending locations.

`send_location`

Sends user's location to the channel.

Name	Type	Value / Description
`command`	string	`send_location`
`seq`	integer	Command sequence number
`channel`	string	The channel to send the message to
`latitude`	number	Shared location latitude
`longitude`	number	Shared location longitude
`accuracy`	number	Shared location accuracy in meters
`formatted_address`	string	Shared location reverse geocoding result (street address)
`for`	string	Optional username to send location to. Other users in the channel won't be receiving this location data

Request:

{
  "command": "send_location",
  "seq": 3,
  "channel": "Reichenbach Falls",
  "latitude": 46.714475,
  "longitude": 8.1806319,
  "accuracy": 10,
  "formatted_address": "Hausenstrasse 34, 3860 Meiringen, Switzerland",
  "for": "watson"
}

Response:

{
  "seq": 3,
  "success": true
}

Events

`on_channel_status`

Indicates there was a change in channel status, which may include channel being connected/disconnected, number of online users changed, or supported features changed.

Attributes

Name	Type	Value / Description
`command`	string	`on_channel_status`
`channel`	string	The name of the channel
`status`	string	Channel status. Can be `online` or `offline`
`users_online`	integer	Number of users currently connected to the channel.
`images_supported`	boolean	Channel will accept image messages.
`texting_supported`	boolean	Channel will accept text messages.
`locations_supported`	boolean	Channel will accept locations.
`error`	string	Includes error description, when channel disconnected due to error.
`error_type`	string	`unknown`, `configuration` Indicates error type. When set to `configuration` indicates that current channel configuration doesn't allow connecting using the channel API credentials used.

Example:

{
  "command": "on_channel_status",
  "channel": "test",
  "status": "online",
  "users_online": 2,
  "images_supported": true,
  "texting_supported": true,
  "locations_supported": true
}

`on_stream_start`

Indicates the start of the new incoming stream. This event corresponds to start_stream command sent by another channel user.

Attributes

Name	Type	Value / Description
`command`	string	`on_stream_start`
`type`	string	Stream type. Only `audio` is currently supported
`codec`	string	The name of audio codec used. Required for `audio` streams. Must be `opus`
`codec_header`	string	base64-encoded codec header buffer. Required for `opus` streams
`packet_duration`	integer	Audio packet duration in milliseconds. Values between 2.5 ms and 60 ms are supported
`stream_id`	integer	The id of the stream that started
`channel`	string	The name of the channel
`from`	string	The username of the sender of the message
`for`	string	The username of the recipient of the message if it was sent with `for` parameter

Example:

{
  "command": "on_stream_start",
  "type": "audio",
  "codec": "opus",
  "codec_header": "gD4BPA==",
  "packet_duration": 20,
  "stream_id": 22695,
  "channel": "test",
  "from": "alex",
  "for": "jim"
}

`on_stream_stop`

Indicates the stop of the incoming stream. This event corresponds to stop_stream command sent by another channel user.

Attributes

Name	Type	Value / Description
`command`	string	`on_stream_stop`
`stream_id`	integer	The id of the stream that stopped

Example:

{
  "command": "on_stream_stop",
  "stream_id": 22695
}

`on_error`

Indicates a server error.

Attributes

Name	Type	Value / Description
`command`	string	`on_error`
`error`	string	One of the error codes

Example:

{
  "command": "on_error",
  "error": "server closed connection"
}

`on_image`

Indicates incoming image from the channel. This event corresponds to send_image command sent by another channel user.

Attributes

Name	Type	Value / Description
`command`	string	`on_image`
`channel`	string	The name of the channel
`from`	string	The username of the sender of the image
`for`	string	The username of the recipient of the image if it was sent with `for` parameter
`message_id`	integer	The id of the image message
`type`	string	image content type (`jpeg`)
`height`	integer	Image height (some clients don't provide this value)
`width`	integer	Image width (some clients don't provide this value)
`source`	string	Image source (`camera` or `library`)

Example:

{
  "command": "on_image",
  "channel": "test",
  "from":"alex",
  "for": false,
  "message_id": 59725,
  "source": "camera",
  "width": 591,
  "height": 1280,
  "ct": "jpeg"
}

Receiving images data

on_image event is followed by the sequence of two binary packets with image thumbnail data and full image data. Fields are stored in network byte order similar to audio stream packets.

Image thumbnail packet

{type(8) = 0x02, message_id(32), image_type(32) = 0x02, data[]}

Full image packet

{type(8) = 0x02, message_id(32), image_type(32) = 0x01, data[]}

`on_text_message`

Indicates incoming text message from the channel.

Attributes

Name	Type	Value / Description
`command`	string	`on_text_message`
`channel`	string	The name of the channel
`from`	string	The username of the sender of the text message
`for`	string\|boolean	The username of the recipient of the text message if it was sent with `for` parameter, `false` otherwise
`message_id`	integer	The id of the text message
`text`	string	Message text

Example:

{
  "command": "on_text_message",
  "channel": "test",
  "from": "alex",
  "for": false,
  "message_id": 16777216,
  "text": "Hello Zello!"
}

`on_location`

Indicates incoming shared location from the channel.

Attributes

Name	Type	Value / Description
`command`	string	`on_location`
`channel`	string	The name of the channel
`from`	string	The username of the sender of the shared location
`for`	string	The username of the recipient of the location if it was sent with `for` parameter
`message_id`	integer	The id of the shared location message
`latitude`	number	Shared location latitude
`longitude`	number	Shared location longitude
`formatted_address`	string	Shared location reverse geocoding result (street address)
`accuracy`	number	Shared location accuracy in meters

Example:

{
  "command": "on_location",
  "channel": "test",
  "from": "alex",
  "message_id": 16777217,
  "latitude": 30.27386375722625,
  "longitude": -97.76014980128478,
  "rgl": "1317 W 6th St, Austin"
}

Error codes

Error Code	Description
unknown command	Server didn't recognize the command received from the client.
internal server error	An internal error occured within the server. If the error persists please contact us at support@zello.com
invalid json	The command received included malformed JSON
invalid request	The server couldn't recognize command format.
not authorized	Username, password or token are not valid.
not logged in	Server received a command before successful `logon`.
not enough params	The command doesn't include some of the required attributes.
server closed connection	The connection to Zello network was closed. You can try re-connecting.
channel is not ready	Channel you are trying to talk to is not yet connected. Wait for channel `online` status before sending a message
listen only connection	The client tried to send a message over listen-only connection.
failed to start stream	Unable to start the stream for unknown reason. You can try again later.
failed to stop stream	Unable to stop the stream for unknown reason. This error is safe to ignore.
failed to send data	An error occured while trying to send stream data packet.
invalid audio packet	Malformed audio packet is received.

Supported features

Feature	Consumer Zello	Zello Work
Access channels using authorized user credentials	Supported	Supported
Access channels anonymously in listen only mode	Supported	Not supported
Send and receive voice messages	Supported	Supported
Interoperability with Zello apps on Android, iOS, and PC	Supported	Supported
Create and access ad hoc channels anonymously	Planned	Planned
Send and receive images	Supported	Supported
Send and receive text messages	Supported	Supported
Send and receive locations	Supported	Supported
Send and receive emergency alerts	-	Planned

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Zello Channel API specification

Overview

API entry points

Authentication

Connection keepalive

WebSocket commands protocol

Logon

logon

Attributes

Request:

Response:

Response error codes

Streaming voice messages

start_stream

Attributes

codec_header attribute

Request:

Response:

stop_stream

Attributes

Request:

Stream data

Sending images

send_image

Request:

Response:

Sending image binary data

Image thumbnail packet

Full image packet

Sending text messages

send_text_message

Request:

Response:

Sending locations

send_location

Request:

Response:

Events

on_channel_status

Attributes

Example:

on_stream_start

Attributes

Example:

on_stream_stop

Attributes

Example:

on_error

Attributes

Example:

on_image

Attributes

Example:

Receiving images data

Image thumbnail packet

Full image packet

on_text_message

Attributes

Example:

on_location

Attributes

Example:

Error codes

Supported features

`logon`

`start_stream`

`codec_header` attribute

`stop_stream`

`send_image`

`send_text_message`

`send_location`

`on_channel_status`

`on_stream_start`

`on_stream_stop`

`on_error`

`on_image`

`on_text_message`

`on_location`