-Until 2021 V8 had two main execution tiers: Ignition, the interpreter; and [TurboFan](/docs/turboFan), V8’s optimizing compiler focused on peak performance. All JavaScript code is first compiled to ignition bytecode, and executed by interpreting it. During execution V8 tracks how the program behaves, including tracking object shapes and types. Both the runtime execution metadata and bytecode are fed into the optimizing compiler to generate high-performance, often speculative, machine code that runs significantly faster than the interpreter can.
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