Choose an empty folder for the future build, for example /home/user/TBuild. It will be named BuildPath in the rest of this document.
You will need GCC 7.2 and CMake 3.2 installed. To install them and all the required dependencies run
sudo apt-get install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:george-edison55/cmake-3.x
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gcc-7 g++-7 cmake
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-7 60
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-7 60
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
sudo add-apt-repository --remove ppa:george-edison55/cmake-3.x
sudo apt-get install git libexif-dev liblzma-dev libz-dev libssl-dev libappindicator-dev libunity-dev libicu-dev libdee-dev libdrm-dev dh-autoreconf autoconf automake build-essential libass-dev libfreetype6-dev libgpac-dev libsdl1.2-dev libtheora-dev libtool libva-dev libvdpau-dev libvorbis-dev libxcb1-dev libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-util0-dev libxrender-dev libasound-dev libpulse-dev libxcb-sync0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libx11-xcb-dev libffi-dev libncurses5-dev pkg-config texi2html zlib1g-dev yasm cmake xutils-dev bison python-xcbgen
You can set the multithreaded make parameter by running
MAKE_THREADS_CNT=-j8
Go to BuildPath and run
git clone --recursive https://github.com/telegramdesktop/tdesktop.git
mkdir Libraries
cd Libraries
git clone https://github.com/ericniebler/range-v3
git clone https://github.com/telegramdesktop/zlib.git
cd zlib
./configure
make $MAKE_THREADS_CNT
sudo make install
cd ..
git clone https://github.com/xiph/opus
cd opus
git checkout v1.2.1
./autogen.sh
./configure
make $MAKE_THREADS_CNT
sudo make install
cd ..
git clone https://github.com/01org/libva.git
cd libva
./autogen.sh --enable-static
make $MAKE_THREADS_CNT
sudo make install
cd ..
git clone git://anongit.freedesktop.org/vdpau/libvdpau
cd libvdpau
./autogen.sh --enable-static
make $MAKE_THREADS_CNT
sudo make install
cd ..
git clone https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg.git ffmpeg
cd ffmpeg
git checkout release/3.4
./configure --prefix=/usr/local --disable-programs --disable-doc --disable-everything --enable-protocol=file --enable-libopus --enable-decoder=aac --enable-decoder=aac_latm --enable-decoder=aasc --enable-decoder=flac --enable-decoder=gif --enable-decoder=h264 --enable-decoder=h264_vdpau --enable-decoder=mp1 --enable-decoder=mp1float --enable-decoder=mp2 --enable-decoder=mp2float --enable-decoder=mp3 --enable-decoder=mp3adu --enable-decoder=mp3adufloat --enable-decoder=mp3float --enable-decoder=mp3on4 --enable-decoder=mp3on4float --enable-decoder=mpeg4 --enable-decoder=mpeg4_vdpau --enable-decoder=msmpeg4v2 --enable-decoder=msmpeg4v3 --enable-decoder=opus --enable-decoder=pcm_alaw --enable-decoder=pcm_alaw_at --enable-decoder=pcm_f32be --enable-decoder=pcm_f32le --enable-decoder=pcm_f64be --enable-decoder=pcm_f64le --enable-decoder=pcm_lxf --enable-decoder=pcm_mulaw --enable-decoder=pcm_mulaw_at --enable-decoder=pcm_s16be --enable-decoder=pcm_s16be_planar --enable-decoder=pcm_s16le --enable-decoder=pcm_s16le_planar --enable-decoder=pcm_s24be --enable-decoder=pcm_s24daud --enable-decoder=pcm_s24le --enable-decoder=pcm_s24le_planar --enable-decoder=pcm_s32be --enable-decoder=pcm_s32le --enable-decoder=pcm_s32le_planar --enable-decoder=pcm_s64be --enable-decoder=pcm_s64le --enable-decoder=pcm_s8 --enable-decoder=pcm_s8_planar --enable-decoder=pcm_u16be --enable-decoder=pcm_u16le --enable-decoder=pcm_u24be --enable-decoder=pcm_u24le --enable-decoder=pcm_u32be --enable-decoder=pcm_u32le --enable-decoder=pcm_u8 --enable-decoder=pcm_zork --enable-decoder=vorbis --enable-decoder=wavpack --enable-decoder=wmalossless --enable-decoder=wmapro --enable-decoder=wmav1 --enable-decoder=wmav2 --enable-decoder=wmavoice --enable-encoder=libopus --enable-hwaccel=h264_vaapi --enable-hwaccel=h264_vdpau --enable-hwaccel=mpeg4_vaapi --enable-hwaccel=mpeg4_vdpau --enable-parser=aac --enable-parser=aac_latm --enable-parser=flac --enable-parser=h264 --enable-parser=mpeg4video --enable-parser=mpegaudio --enable-parser=opus --enable-parser=vorbis --enable-demuxer=aac --enable-demuxer=flac --enable-demuxer=gif --enable-demuxer=h264 --enable-demuxer=mov --enable-demuxer=mp3 --enable-demuxer=ogg --enable-demuxer=wav --enable-muxer=ogg --enable-muxer=opus
make $MAKE_THREADS_CNT
sudo make install
cd ..
git clone https://git.assembla.com/portaudio.git
cd portaudio
git checkout 396fe4b669
./configure
make $MAKE_THREADS_CNT
sudo make install
cd ..
git clone git://repo.or.cz/openal-soft.git
cd openal-soft/build
cmake -D LIBTYPE:STRING=STATIC ..
make $MAKE_THREADS_CNT
sudo make install
cd ../..
git clone https://github.com/openssl/openssl
cd openssl
git checkout OpenSSL_1_0_1-stable
./config
make $MAKE_THREADS_CNT
sudo make install
cd ..
git clone https://github.com/xkbcommon/libxkbcommon.git
cd libxkbcommon
./autogen.sh --disable-x11
make $MAKE_THREADS_CNT
sudo make install
cd ..
git clone git://code.qt.io/qt/qt5.git qt5_6_2
cd qt5_6_2
perl init-repository --module-subset=qtbase,qtimageformats
git checkout v5.6.2
cd qtimageformats && git checkout v5.6.2 && cd ..
cd qtbase && git checkout v5.6.2 && cd ..
cd qtbase && git apply ../../../tdesktop/Telegram/Patches/qtbase_5_6_2.diff && cd ..
cd qtbase/src/plugins/platforminputcontexts
git clone https://github.com/telegramdesktop/fcitx.git
git clone https://github.com/telegramdesktop/hime.git
cd ../../../..
./configure -prefix "/usr/local/tdesktop/Qt-5.6.2" -release -force-debug-info -opensource -confirm-license -qt-zlib -qt-libpng -qt-libjpeg -qt-freetype -qt-harfbuzz -qt-pcre -qt-xcb -qt-xkbcommon-x11 -no-opengl -no-gtkstyle -static -openssl-linked -nomake examples -nomake tests
make $MAKE_THREADS_CNT
sudo make install
cd ..
git clone https://chromium.googlesource.com/external/gyp
cd gyp
git checkout 702ac58e47
git apply ../../tdesktop/Telegram/Patches/gyp.diff
cd ..
git clone https://chromium.googlesource.com/breakpad/breakpad
git clone https://chromium.googlesource.com/linux-syscall-support breakpad/src/third_party/lss
cd breakpad
./configure
make $MAKE_THREADS_CNT
sudo make install
cd src
git clone https://github.com/google/googletest testing
cd tools
../../../gyp/gyp --depth=. --generator-output=.. -Goutput_dir=../out tools.gyp --format=cmake
cd ../../out/Default
cmake .
make $MAKE_THREADS_CNT dump_syms
cd ../../..
Go to BuildPath/tdesktop/Telegram and run
gyp/refresh.sh
To make Debug version go to BuildPath/tdesktop/out/Debug and run
make $MAKE_THREADS_CNT
To make Release version go to BuildPath/tdesktop/out/Release and run
make $MAKE_THREADS_CNT
You can debug your builds from Qt Creator, just open CMakeLists.txt from BuildPath/tdesktop/out/Debug and launch with debug.